tset(1)
NAME
tset, reset - terminal initialization
SYNOPSIS
tset [-IQVcqrsw] [-] [-e ch] [-i ch] [-k ch] [-m mapping] [terminal] reset [-IQVcqrsw] [-] [-e ch] [-i ch] [-k ch] [-m mapping] [terminal]
DESCRIPTION
tset - initialization
Tset initializes terminals. Tset first determines the type of terminal
that you are using. This determination is done as follows, using the
first terminal type found.
1. The terminal argument specified on the command line.
2. The value of the TERM environmental variable.
3. (BSD systems only.) The terminal type associated with the standard
error output device in the /etc/ttys file. (On System-V-like UNIXes
and systems using that convention, getty does this job by setting TERM
according to the type passed to it by /etc/inittab.)
4. The default terminal type, “unknown”.
If the terminal type was not specified on the command-line, the -m
option mappings are then applied (see the section TERMINAL TYPE MAPPING
for more information). Then, if the terminal type begins with a
question mark (“?”), the user is prompted for confirmation of the
terminal type. An empty response confirms the type, or, another type
can be entered to specify a new type. Once the terminal type has been
determined, the terminfo entry for the terminal is retrieved. If no
terminfo entry is found for the type, the user is prompted for another
terminal type.
Once the terminfo entry is retrieved, the window size, backspace,
interrupt and line kill characters (among many other things) are set
and the terminal and tab initialization strings are sent to the
standard error output. Finally, if the erase, interrupt and line kill
characters have changed, or are not set to their default values, their
values are displayed to the standard error output.
reset - reinitialization
When invoked as reset, tset sets cooked and echo modes, turns off
cbreak and raw modes, turns on newline translation and resets any unset
special characters to their default values before doing the terminal
initialization described above. This is useful after a program dies
leaving a terminal in an abnormal state. Note, you may have to type
<LF>reset<LF>
(the line-feed character is normally control-J) to get the terminal to
work, as carriage-return may no longer work in the abnormal state.
Also, the terminal will often not echo the command.
OPTIONS
The options are as follows:
-c Set control characters and modes.
-e Set the erase character to ch.
-I Do not send the terminal or tab initialization strings to the
terminal.
-i Set the interrupt character to ch.
-k Set the line kill character to ch.
-m Specify a mapping from a port type to a terminal. See the section
TERMINAL TYPE MAPPING for more information.
-Q Do not display any values for the erase, interrupt and line kill
characters. Normally tset displays the values for control
characters which differ from the system's default values.
-q The terminal type is displayed to the standard output, and the
terminal is not initialized in any way. The option “-” by itself
is equivalent but archaic.
-r Print the terminal type to the standard error output.
-s Print the sequence of shell commands to initialize the environment
variable TERM to the standard output. See the section SETTING THE
ENVIRONMENT for details.
-V reports the version of ncurses which was used in this program, and
exits.
-w Resize the window to match the size deduced via setupterm.
Normally this has no effect, unless setupterm is not able to
detect the window size.
The arguments for the -e, -i, and -k options may either be entered as
actual characters or by using the “hat” notation, i.e., control-h may
be specified as “^H” or “^h”.
If neither -c or -w is given, both options are assumed.
SETTING THE ENVIRONMENT
It is often desirable to enter the terminal type and information about
the terminal's capabilities into the shell's environment. This is done
using the -s option.
When the -s option is specified, the commands to enter the information
into the shell's environment are written to the standard output. If
the SHELL environmental variable ends in “csh”, the commands are for
csh, otherwise, they are for sh. Note, the csh commands set and unset
the shell variable noglob, leaving it unset. The following line in the
.login or .profile files will initialize the environment correctly:
eval `tset -s options ... `
TERMINAL TYPE MAPPING
When the terminal is not hardwired into the system (or the current system information is incorrect) the terminal type derived from the /etc/ttys file or the TERM environmental variable is often something generic like network, dialup, or unknown. When tset is used in a startup script it is often desirable to provide information about the type of terminal used on such ports. The purpose of the -m option is to map from some set of conditions to a terminal type, that is, to tell tset “If I'm on this port at a particular speed, guess that I'm on that kind of terminal”. The argument to the -m option consists of an optional port type, an optional operator, an optional baud rate specification, an optional colon (“:”) character and a terminal type. The port type is a string (delimited by either the operator or the colon character). The operator may be any combination of “>”, “<”, “@”, and “!”; “>” means greater than, “<” means less than, “@” means equal to and “!” inverts the sense of the test. The baud rate is specified as a number and is compared with the speed of the standard error output (which should be the control terminal). The terminal type is a string. If the terminal type is not specified on the command line, the -m mappings are applied to the terminal type. If the port type and baud rate match the mapping, the terminal type specified in the mapping replaces the current type. If more than one mapping is specified, the first applicable mapping is used. For example, consider the following mapping: dialup>9600:vt100. The port type is dialup , the operator is >, the baud rate specification is 9600, and the terminal type is vt100. The result of this mapping is to specify that if the terminal type is dialup, and the baud rate is greater than 9600 baud, a terminal type of vt100 will be used. If no baud rate is specified, the terminal type will match any baud rate. If no port type is specified, the terminal type will match any port type. For example, -m dialup:vt100 -m :?xterm will cause any dialup port, regardless of baud rate, to match the terminal type vt100, and any non-dialup port type to match the terminal type ?xterm. Note, because of the leading question mark, the user will be queried on a default port as to whether they are actually using an xterm terminal. No whitespace characters are permitted in the -m option argument. Also, to avoid problems with meta-characters, it is suggested that the entire -m option argument be placed within single quote characters, and that csh users insert a backslash character (“\”) before any exclamation marks (“!”).
HISTORY
The tset command appeared in BSD 3.0. The ncurses implementation was lightly adapted from the 4.4BSD sources for a terminfo environment by Eric S. Raymond <esr@snark.thyrsus.com>.
COMPATIBILITY
Neither IEEE Std 1003.1/The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7
(POSIX.1-2008) nor X/Open Curses Issue 7 documents tset or reset.
The tset utility has been provided for backward-compatibility with BSD
environments (under most modern UNIXes, /etc/inittab and getty(1) can
set TERM appropriately for each dial-up line; this obviates what was
tset's most important use). This implementation behaves like 4.4BSD
tset, with a few exceptions specified here.
The -S option of BSD tset no longer works; it prints an error message
to stderr and dies. The -s option only sets TERM, not TERMCAP. Both
of these changes are because the TERMCAP variable is no longer
supported under terminfo-based ncurses, which makes tset -S useless (we
made it die noisily rather than silently induce lossage).
There was an undocumented 4.4BSD feature that invoking tset via a link
named “TSET” (or via any other name beginning with an upper-case
letter) set the terminal to use upper-case only. This feature has been
omitted.
The -A, -E, -h, -u and -v options were deleted from the tset utility in
4.4BSD. None of them were documented in 4.3BSD and all are of limited
utility at best. The -a, -d, and -p options are similarly not
documented or useful, but were retained as they appear to be in
widespread use. It is strongly recommended that any usage of these
three options be changed to use the -m option instead. The -a, -d, and
-p options are therefore omitted from the usage summary above.
Very old systems, e.g., 3BSD, used a different terminal driver which
was replaced in 4BSD in the early 1980s. To accommodate these older
systems, the 4BSD tset provided a -n option to specify that the new
terminal driver should be used. This implementation does not provide
that choice.
It is still permissible to specify the -e, -i, and -k options without
arguments, although it is strongly recommended that such usage be fixed
to explicitly specify the character.
As of 4.4BSD, executing tset as reset no longer implies the -Q option.
Also, the interaction between the - option and the terminal argument in
some historic implementations of tset has been removed.
The -c and -w options are not found in earlier implementations.
However, a different window size-change feature was provided in 4.4BSD.
· In 4.4BSD, tset uses the window size from the termcap description
to set the window size if tset is not able to obtain the window
size from the operating system.
· In ncurses, tset obtains the window size using setupterm, which may
be from the operating system, the LINES and COLUMNS environment
variables or the terminal description.
Obtaining the window size from the terminal description is common to
both implementations, but considered obsolescent. Its only practical
use is for hardware terminals. Generally speaking, a window size would
be unset only if there were some problem obtaining the value from the
operating system (and setupterm would still fail). For that reason,
the LINES and COLUMNS environment variables may be useful for working
around window-size problems. Those have the drawback that if the
window is resized, those variables must be recomputed and reassigned.
To do this more easily, use the resize(1) program.
ENVIRONMENT
The tset command uses these environment variables:
SHELL
tells tset whether to initialize TERM using sh or csh syntax.
TERM Denotes your terminal type. Each terminal type is distinct,
though many are similar.
TERMCAP
may denote the location of a termcap database. If it is not an
absolute pathname, e.g., begins with a “/”, tset removes the
variable from the environment before looking for the terminal
description.
FILES
/etc/ttys
system port name to terminal type mapping database (BSD versions
only).
/etc/terminfo
terminal capability database
SEE ALSO
csh(1), sh(1), stty(1), curs_terminfo(3X), tty(4), terminfo(5), ttys(5), environ(7) This describes ncurses version 6.0 (patch 20160625). tset(1)
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