Linux Manual Pages

Free Software * Books

Source Code

Free Media

Linux

VERIFY

NAME
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SECURITY
DIAGNOSTICS
BUGS
CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS
PROBE MESSAGE CONTROLS
CACHE CONTROLS
PROBE MESSAGE ROUTING CONTROLS
MISCELLANEOUS CONTROLS
SEE ALSO
README FILES
LICENSE
HISTORY
AUTHOR(S)

NAME

verify − Postfix address verification server

SYNOPSIS

verify [generic Postfix daemon options]

DESCRIPTION

The verify(8) address verification server maintains a record of what recipient addresses are known to be deliverable or undeliverable.

Addresses are verified by injecting probe messages into the Postfix queue. Probe messages are run through all the routing and rewriting machinery except for final delivery, and are discarded rather than being deferred or bounced.

Address verification relies on the answer from the nearest MTA for the specified address, and will therefore not detect all undeliverable addresses.

The verify(8) server is designed to run under control by the Postfix master server. It maintains an optional persistent database. To avoid being interrupted by "postfix stop" in the middle of a database update, the process runs in a separate process group.

The verify(8) server implements the following requests:
update address status text

Update the status and text of the specified address.

query address

Look up the status and text for the specified address. If the status is unknown, a probe is sent and an "in progress" status is returned.

SECURITY

The address verification server is not security-sensitive. It does not talk to the network, and it does not talk to local users. The verify server can run chrooted at fixed low privilege.

The address verification server can be coerced to store unlimited amounts of garbage. Limiting the cache expiry time trades one problem (disk space exhaustion) for another one (poor response time to client requests).

With Postfix version 2.5 and later, the verify(8) server no longer uses root privileges when opening the address_verify_map cache file. The file should now be stored under the Postfix-owned data_directory. As a migration aid, an attempt to open a cache file under a non-Postfix directory is redirected to the Postfix-owned data_directory, and a warning is logged.

DIAGNOSTICS

Problems and transactions are logged to syslogd(8).

BUGS

Address verification probe messages add additional traffic to the mail queue. Recipient verification may cause an increased load on down-stream servers in the case of a dictionary attack or a flood of backscatter bounces. Sender address verification may cause your site to be blacklisted by some providers.

If the persistent database ever gets corrupted then the world comes to an end and human intervention is needed. This violates a basic Postfix principle.

CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS

Changes to main.cf are not picked up automatically, as verify(8) processes are long-lived. Use the command "postfix reload" after a configuration change.

The text below provides only a parameter summary. See postconf(5) for more details including examples.

PROBE MESSAGE CONTROLS

address_verify_sender ($double_bounce_sender)

The sender address to use in address verification probes; prior to Postfix 2.5 the default was "postmaster".

Available with Postfix 2.9 and later:
address_verify_sender_ttl (0s)

The time between changes in the time-dependent portion of address verification probe sender addresses.

CACHE CONTROLS

address_verify_map (see ’postconf -d’ output)

Lookup table for persistent address verification status storage.

address_verify_positive_expire_time (31d)

The time after which a successful probe expires from the address verification cache.

address_verify_positive_refresh_time (7d)

The time after which a successful address verification probe needs to be refreshed.

address_verify_negative_cache (yes)

Enable caching of failed address verification probe results.

address_verify_negative_expire_time (3d)

The time after which a failed probe expires from the address verification cache.

address_verify_negative_refresh_time (3h)

The time after which a failed address verification probe needs to be refreshed.

Available with Postfix 2.7 and later:
address_verify_cache_cleanup_interval (12h)

The amount of time between verify(8) address verification database cleanup runs.

PROBE MESSAGE ROUTING CONTROLS

By default, probe messages are delivered via the same route as regular messages. The following parameters can be used to override specific message routing mechanisms.
address_verify_relayhost ($relayhost)

Overrides the relayhost parameter setting for address verification probes.

address_verify_transport_maps ($transport_maps)

Overrides the transport_maps parameter setting for address verification probes.

address_verify_local_transport ($local_transport)

Overrides the local_transport parameter setting for address verification probes.

address_verify_virtual_transport ($virtual_transport)

Overrides the virtual_transport parameter setting for address verification probes.

address_verify_relay_transport ($relay_transport)

Overrides the relay_transport parameter setting for address verification probes.

address_verify_default_transport ($default_transport)

Overrides the default_transport parameter setting for address verification probes.

Available in Postfix 2.3 and later:
address_verify_sender_dependent_relayhost_maps
($sender_dependent_relayhost_maps)

Overrides the sender_dependent_relayhost_maps parameter setting for address verification probes.

Available in Postfix 2.7 and later:
address_verify_sender_dependent_default_transport_maps
($sender_dependent_default_transport_maps)

Overrides the sender_dependent_default_transport_maps parameter setting for address verification probes.

MISCELLANEOUS CONTROLS

config_directory (see ’postconf -d’ output)

The default location of the Postfix main.cf and master.cf configuration files.

daemon_timeout (18000s)

How much time a Postfix daemon process may take to handle a request before it is terminated by a built-in watchdog timer.

ipc_timeout (3600s)

The time limit for sending or receiving information over an internal communication channel.

process_id (read-only)

The process ID of a Postfix command or daemon process.

process_name (read-only)

The process name of a Postfix command or daemon process.

queue_directory (see ’postconf -d’ output)

The location of the Postfix top-level queue directory.

syslog_facility (mail)

The syslog facility of Postfix logging.

syslog_name (see ’postconf -d’ output)

The mail system name that is prepended to the process name in syslog records, so that "smtpd" becomes, for example, "postfix/smtpd".

README FILES

Use "postconf readme_directory" or "postconf html_directory" to locate this information.
ADDRESS_VERIFICATION_README, address verification howto

LICENSE

The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software.

HISTORY

This service was introduced with Postfix version 2.1.

AUTHOR(S)

Wietse Venema
IBM T.J. Watson Research
P.O. Box 704
Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA

Opportunity

Personal Opportunity - Free software gives you access to billions of dollars of software at no cost. Use this software for your business, personal use or to develop a profitable skill. Access to source code provides access to a level of capabilities/information that companies protect though copyrights. Open source is a core component of the Internet and it is available to you. Leverage the billions of dollars in resources and capabilities to build a career, establish a business or change the world. The potential is endless for those who understand the opportunity.

Business Opportunity - Goldman Sachs, IBM and countless large corporations are leveraging open source to reduce costs, develop products and increase their bottom lines. Learn what these companies know about open source and how open source can give you the advantage.

Free Software

Free Software provides computer programs and capabilities at no cost but more importantly, it provides the freedom to run, edit, contribute to, and share the software. The importance of free software is a matter of access, not price. Software at no cost is a benefit but ownership rights to the software and source code is far more significant.

Free Office Software - The Libre Office suite provides top desktop productivity tools for free. This includes, a word processor, spreadsheet, presentation engine, drawing and flowcharting, database and math applications. Libre Office is available for Linux or Windows.

Free Books

The Free Books Library is a collection of thousands of the most popular public domain books in an online readable format. The collection includes great classical literature and more recent works where the U.S. copyright has expired. These books are yours to read and use without restrictions.

Source Code - Want to change a program or know how it works? Open Source provides the source code for its programs so that anyone can use, modify or learn how to write those programs themselves. Visit the GNU source code repositories to download the source.

Education

Study at Harvard, Stanford or MIT - Open edX provides free online courses from Harvard, MIT, Columbia, UC Berkeley and other top Universities. Hundreds of courses for almost all major subjects and course levels. Open edx also offers some paid courses and selected certifications.

Linux Manual Pages - A man or manual page is a form of software documentation found on Linux/Unix operating systems. Topics covered include computer programs (including library and system calls), formal standards and conventions, and even abstract concepts.