tcpreplay-edit(1)
NAME
tcpreplay - Replay network traffic stored in pcap files
SYNOPSIS
tcpreplay [-flag [value]]... [--opt-name [[=| ]value]]...
<pcap_file(s)>
tcpreplay is a tool for replaying network traffic from files saved with
tcpdump or other tools which write pcap(3) files.
DESCRIPTION
This manual page briefly documents the tcpreplay command. The basic operation of tcpreplay is to resend all packets from the input file(s) at the speed at which they were recorded, or a specified data rate, up to as fast as the hardware is capable. Optionally, the traffic can be split between two interfaces, written to files, filtered and edited in various ways, providing the means to test firewalls, NIDS and other network devices. For more details, please see the Tcpreplay Manual at: http://tcpreplay.synfin.net/trac/wiki/manual
OPTIONS
-r string, --portmap=string
Rewrite TCP/UDP ports. This option may appear up to -1 times.
Specify a list of comma delimited port mappingings consisting of
colon delimited port number pairs. Each colon delimited port
pair consists of the port to match followed by the port number
to rewrite.
Examples:
--portmap=80:8000 --portmap=8080:80 # 80->8000 and 8080->80
--portmap=8000,8080,88888:80 # 3 different ports become 80
--portmap=8000-8999:80 # ports 8000 to 8999 become 80
-s number, --seed=number
Randomize src/dst IPv4/v6 addresses w/ given seed. This option
may appear up to 1 times. This option takes an integer number
as its argument.
Causes the source and destination IPv4/v6 addresses to be pseudo
randomized but still maintain client/server relationships.
Since the randomization is deterministic based on the seed, you
can reuse the same seed value to recreate the traffic.
-N string, --pnat=string
Rewrite IPv4/v6 addresses using pseudo-NAT. This option may
appear up to 2 times. This option must not appear in
combination with any of the following options: srcipmap.
Takes a comma delimited series of colon delimited CIDR netblock
pairs. Each netblock pair is evaluated in order against the IP
addresses. If the IP address in the packet matches the first
netblock, it is rewriten using the second netblock as a mask
against the high order bits.
IPv4 Example:
--pnat=192.168.0.0/16:10.77.0.0/16,172.16.0.0/12:10.1.0.0/24
IPv6 Example:
--pnat=[2001:db8::/32]:[dead::/16],[2001:db8::/32]:[::ffff:0:0/96]
-S string, --srcipmap=string
Rewrite source IPv4/v6 addresses using pseudo-NAT. This option
may appear up to 1 times. This option must not appear in
combination with any of the following options: pnat.
Works just like the --pnat option, but only affects the source
IP addresses in the IPv4/v6 header.
-D string, --dstipmap=string
Rewrite destination IPv4/v6 addresses using pseudo-NAT. This
option may appear up to 1 times. This option must not appear in
combination with any of the following options: pnat.
Works just like the --pnat option, but only affects the
destination IP addresses in the IPv4/v6 header.
-e string, --endpoints=string
Rewrite IP addresses to be between two endpoints. This option
may appear up to 1 times. This option must appear in
combination with the following options: cachefile.
Takes a pair of colon delimited IPv4/v6 addresses which will be
used to rewrite all traffic to appear to be between the two
IP's.
IPv4 Example:
--endpoints=172.16.0.1:172.16.0.2
IPv6 Example:
--endpoints=[2001:db8::dead:beef]:[::ffff:0:0:ac:f:0:2]
-b, --skipbroadcast
Skip rewriting broadcast/multicast IPv4/v6 addresses.
By default --seed, --pnat and --endpoints will rewrite broadcast
and multicast IPv4/v6 and MAC addresses. Setting this flag will
keep broadcast/multicast IPv4/v6 and MAC addresses from being
rewritten.
-C, --fixcsum
Force recalculation of IPv4/TCP/UDP header checksums.
Causes each IPv4/v6 packet to have it's checksums recalcualted
and fixed. Automatically enabled for packets modified with
--seed, --pnat, --endpoints or --fixlen.
-m number, --mtu=number
Override default MTU length (1500 bytes). This option may
appear up to 1 times. This option takes an integer number as
its argument. The value of number is constrained to being:
in the range 1 through MAXPACKET
Override the default 1500 byte MTU size for determining the
maximum padding length (--fixlen=pad) or when truncating (--mtu-
trunc).
--mtu-trunc
Truncate packets larger then specified MTU. This option may
appear up to 1 times.
Similar to --fixlen, this option will truncate data in packets
from Layer 3 and above to be no larger then the MTU.
-E, --efcs
Remove Ethernet checksums (FCS) from end of frames.
Note, this option is pretty dangerous! We don't actually check
to see if a FCS actually exists in the frame, we just blindly
delete the last two bytes. Hence, you should only use this if
you know know that your OS provides the FCS when reading raw
packets.
--ttl=string
Modify the IPv4/v6 TTL/Hop Limit.
Allows you to modify the TTL/Hop Limit of all the IPv4/v6
packets. Specify a number to hard-code the value or +/-value to
increase or decrease by the value provided (limited to 1-255).
Examples:
--ttl=10
--ttl=+7
--ttl=-64
--tos=number
Set the IPv4 TOS/DiffServ/ECN byte. This option may appear up
to 1 times. This option takes an integer number as its
argument. The value of number is constrained to being:
in the range 0 through 255
Allows you to override the TOS (also known as DiffServ/ECN)
value in IPv4.
--tclass=number
Set the IPv6 Traffic Class byte. This option may appear up to 1
times. This option takes an integer number as its argument.
The value of number is constrained to being:
in the range 0 through 255
Allows you to override the IPv6 Traffic Class field.
--flowlabel=number
Set the IPv6 Flow Label. This option may appear up to 1 times.
This option takes an integer number as its argument. The value
of number is constrained to being:
in the range 0 through 1048575
Allows you to override the 20bit IPv6 Flow Label field. Has no
effect on IPv4 packets.
-F string, --fixlen=string
Pad or truncate packet data to match header length. This option
may appear up to 1 times.
Packets may be truncated during capture if the snaplen is
smaller then the packet. This option allows you to modify the
packet to pad the packet back out to the size stored in the
IPv4/v6 header or rewrite the IP header total length to reflect
the stored packet length.
pad Truncated packets will be padded out so that the packet
length matches the IPv4 total length
trunc Truncated packets will have their IPv4 total length field
rewritten to match the actual packet length
del Delete the packet
--skipl2broadcast
Skip rewriting broadcast/multicast Layer 2 addresses.
By default, editing Layer 2 addresses will rewrite broadcast and
multicast MAC addresses. Setting this flag will keep
broadcast/multicast MAC addresses from being rewritten.
--dlt=string
Override output DLT encapsulation. This option may appear up to
1 times.
By default, no DLT (data link type) conversion will be made. To
change the DLT type of the output pcap, select one of the
following values:
enet Ethernet aka DLT_EN10MB
hdlc Cisco HDLC aka DLT_C_HDLC
user User specified Layer 2 header and DLT type
--enet-dmac=string
Override destination ethernet MAC addresses. This option may
appear up to 1 times.
Takes a pair of comma deliminated ethernet MAC addresses which
will replace the destination MAC address of outbound packets.
The first MAC address will be used for the server to client
traffic and the optional second MAC address will be used for the
client to server traffic.
Example:
--enet-dmac=00:12:13:14:15:16,00:22:33:44:55:66
--enet-smac=string
Override source ethernet MAC addresses. This option may appear
up to 1 times.
Takes a pair of comma deliminated ethernet MAC addresses which
will replace the source MAC address of outbound packets. The
first MAC address will be used for the server to client traffic
and the optional second MAC address will be used for the client
to server traffic.
Example:
--enet-smac=00:12:13:14:15:16,00:22:33:44:55:66
--enet-vlan=string
Specify ethernet 802.1q VLAN tag mode. This option may appear
up to 1 times.
Allows you to rewrite ethernet frames to add a 802.1q header to
standard 802.3 ethernet headers or remove the 802.1q VLAN tag
information.
add Rewrites the existing 802.3 ethernet header as an 802.1q
VLAN header
del Rewrites the existing 802.1q VLAN header as an 802.3
ethernet header
--enet-vlan-tag=number
Specify the new ethernet 802.1q VLAN tag value. This option may
appear up to 1 times. This option must appear in combination
with the following options: enet-vlan. This option takes an
integer number as its argument. The value of number is
constrained to being:
in the range 0 through 4095
--enet-vlan-cfi=number
Specify the ethernet 802.1q VLAN CFI value. This option may
appear up to 1 times. This option must appear in combination
with the following options: enet-vlan. This option takes an
integer number as its argument. The value of number is
constrained to being:
in the range 0 through 1
--enet-vlan-pri=number
Specify the ethernet 802.1q VLAN priority. This option may
appear up to 1 times. This option must appear in combination
with the following options: enet-vlan. This option takes an
integer number as its argument. The value of number is
constrained to being:
in the range 0 through 7
--hdlc-control=number
Specify HDLC control value. This option may appear up to 1
times. This option takes an integer number as its argument.
The Cisco HDLC header has a 1 byte "control" field. Apparently
this should always be 0, but if you can use any 1 byte value.
--hdlc-address=number
Specify HDLC address. This option may appear up to 1 times.
This option takes an integer number as its argument.
The Cisco HDLC header has a 1 byte "address" field which has two
valid values:
0x0F Unicast
0xBF Broadcast
You can however specify any single byte value.
--user-dlt=number
Set output file DLT type. This option may appear up to 1 times.
This option takes an integer number as its argument.
Set the DLT value of the output pcap file.
--user-dlink=string
Rewrite Data-Link layer with user specified data. This option
may appear up to 2 times.
Provide a series of comma deliminated hex values which will be
used to rewrite or create the Layer 2 header of the packets.
The first instance of this argument will rewrite both server and
client traffic, but if this argument is specified a second time,
it will be used for the client traffic.
Example:
--user-dlink=01,02,03,04,05,06,00,1A,2B,3C,4D,5E,6F,08,00
-d number, --dbug=number
Enable debugging output. This option may appear up to 1 times.
This option takes an integer number as its argument. The value
of number is constrained to being:
in the range 0 through 5
The default number for this option is:
0
If configured with --enable-debug, then you can specify a
verbosity level for debugging output. Higher numbers increase
verbosity.
-q, --quiet
Quiet mode.
Print nothing except the statistics at the end of the run
-T string, --timer=string
Select packet timing mode: select, ioport, rdtsc, gtod, nano,
abstime. This option may appear up to 1 times. The default
string for this option is:
gtod
Allows you to select the packet timing method to use:
nano - Use nanosleep() API
select - Use select() API
ioport - Write to the i386 IO Port 0x80
rdtsc - Use the x86/x86_64/PPC RDTSC
gtod [default] - Use a gettimeofday() loop
abstime - Use OS X's AbsoluteTime API
--sleep-accel=number
Reduce the amount of time to sleep by specified usec. This
option takes an integer number as its argument. The default
number for this option is:
0
Reduce the amount of time we would normally sleep between two
packets by the specified number of usec. This provides a "fuzz
factor" to compensate for running on a non-RTOS and other
processes using CPU time. Default is disabled.
--rdtsc-clicks=number
Specify the RDTSC clicks/usec. This option may appear up to 1
times. This option takes an integer number as its argument.
The default number for this option is:
0
Override the calculated number of RDTSC clicks/usec which is
often the speed of the CPU in Mhz. Only useful if you specified
--timer=rdtsc
-v, --verbose
Print decoded packets via tcpdump to STDOUT. This option may
appear up to 1 times.
-A string, --decode=string
Arguments passed to tcpdump decoder. This option may appear up
to 1 times. This option must appear in combination with the
following options: verbose.
When enabling verbose mode (-v) you may also specify one or more
additional arguments to pass to tcpdump to modify the way
packets are decoded. By default, -n and -l are used. Be sure
to quote the arguments like: -A "-axxx" so that they are not
interpreted by tcpreplay. Please see the tcpdump(1) man page
for a complete list of options.
-K, --enable-file-cache
Enable caching of packets to internal memory. This option must
appear in combination with the following options: loop.
Cache pcap file(s) the first time they are cached in RAM so that
subsequent loops don't incurr any disk I/O latency in order to
increase performance. Make sure you have enough free RAM to
store the entire pcap file(s) in memory or the system will swap
and performance will suffer.
--preload-pcap
Preloads packets into RAM before sending.
This option loads the specified pcap(s) into RAM before starting
to send in order to improve replay performance while introducing
a startup performance hit. Preloading can be used with or
without --loop and implies --enable-file-cache.
-c string, --cachefile=string
Split traffic via a tcpprep cache file. This option may appear
up to 1 times.
-i string, --intf1=string
Server/primary traffic output interface. This option may appear
up to 1 times.
-I string, --intf2=string
Client/secondary traffic output interface. This option may
appear up to 1 times. This option must appear in combination
with the following options: cachefile.
--listnics
List available network interfaces and exit.
-l number, --loop=number
Loop through the capture file X times. This option may appear
up to 1 times. This option takes an integer number as its
argument. The value of number is constrained to being:
greater than or equal to 0
The default number for this option is:
1
--pktlen
Override the snaplen and use the actual packet len. This option
may appear up to 1 times.
By default, tcpreplay will send packets based on the size of the
"snaplen" stored in the pcap file which is usually the correct
thing to do. However, occasionally, tools will store more bytes
then told to. By specifying this option, tcpreplay will ignore
the snaplen field and instead try to send packets based on the
original packet length. Bad things may happen if you specify
this option.
-L number, --limit=number
Limit the number of packets to send. This option may appear up
to 1 times. This option takes an integer number as its
argument. The value of number is constrained to being:
greater than or equal to 1
The default number for this option is:
-1
By default, tcpreplay will send all the packets. Alternatively,
you can specify a maximum number of packets to send.
-x string, --multiplier=string
Modify replay speed to a given multiple. This option may appear
up to 1 times. This option must not appear in combination with
any of the following options: pps, mbps, oneatatime, topspeed.
Specify a floating point value to modify the packet replay
speed. Examples:
2.0 will replay traffic at twice the speed captured
0.7 will replay traffic at 70% the speed captured
-p number, --pps=number
Replay packets at a given packets/sec. This option may appear
up to 1 times. This option must not appear in combination with
any of the following options: multiplier, mbps, oneatatime,
topspeed. This option takes an integer number as its argument.
-M string, --mbps=string
Replay packets at a given Mbps. This option may appear up to 1
times. This option must not appear in combination with any of
the following options: multiplier, pps, oneatatime, topspeed.
Specify a floating point value for the Mbps rate that tcpreplay
should send packets at.
-t, --topspeed
Replay packets as fast as possible. This option must not appear
in combination with any of the following options: mbps,
multiplier, pps, oneatatime.
-o, --oneatatime
Replay one packet at a time for each user input. This option
must not appear in combination with any of the following
options: mbps, pps, multiplier, topspeed.
Allows you to step through one or more packets at a time.
--pps-multi=number
Number of packets to send for each time interval. This option
must appear in combination with the following options: pps.
This option takes an integer number as its argument. The value
of number is constrained to being:
greater than or equal to 1
The default number for this option is:
1
When trying to send packets at very high rates, the time between
each packet can be so short that it is impossible to accurately
sleep for the required period of time. This option allows you
to send multiple packets at a time, thus allowing for longer
sleep times which can be more accurately implemented.
-P, --pid
Print the PID of tcpreplay at startup.
--stats=number
Print statistics every X seconds. This option takes an integer
number as its argument. The value of number is constrained to
being:
greater than or equal to 1
Note that this is very much a "best effort" and long delays
between sending packets may cause equally long delays between
printing statistics.
-V, --version
Print version information.
-h, --less-help
Display less usage information and exit.
-H, --help
Display usage information and exit.
-!, --more-help
Extended usage information passed thru pager.
- [rcfile], --save-opts[=rcfile]
Save the option state to rcfile. The default is the last
configuration file listed in the OPTION PRESETS section, below.
- rcfile, --load-opts=rcfile, --no-load-opts
Load options from rcfile. The no-load-opts form will disable
the loading of earlier RC/INI files. --no-load-opts is handled
early, out of order.
OPTION PRESETS
Any option that is not marked as not presettable may be preset by
loading values from configuration ("RC" or ".INI") file(s). The homerc
file is "$$/", unless that is a directory. In that case, the file
".tcpreplayrc" is searched for within that directory.
SIGNALS
tcpreplay understands the following signals: SIGUSR1 Suspend tcpreplay SIGCONT Restart tcpreplay
SEE ALSO
tcpreplay-edit(1), tcpdump(1), tcpprep(1), tcprewrite(1), libnet(3)
BUGS
tcpreplay can only send packets as fast as your computer's interface, processor, disk and system bus will allow. Packet timing at high speeds is a black art and very OS/CPU dependent. Replaying captured traffic may simulate odd or broken conditions on your network and cause all sorts of problems. In most cases, you can not replay traffic back to/at a server. Some operating systems by default do not allow for forging source MAC addresses. Please consult your operating system's documentation and the tcpreplay FAQ if you experience this issue.
AUTHOR
Copyright 2000-2010 Aaron Turner For support please use the [email protected] mailing list. The latest version of this software is always available from: http://tcpreplay.synfin.net/ Released under the Free BSD License. This manual page was AutoGen-erated from the tcpreplay option definitions. (tcpreplay ) 2010-04-04 TCPREPLAY(1)
Opportunity
Personal Opportunity - Free software gives you access to billions of dollars of software at no cost. Use this software for your business, personal use or to develop a profitable skill. Access to source code provides access to a level of capabilities/information that companies protect though copyrights. Open source is a core component of the Internet and it is available to you. Leverage the billions of dollars in resources and capabilities to build a career, establish a business or change the world. The potential is endless for those who understand the opportunity.
Business Opportunity - Goldman Sachs, IBM and countless large corporations are leveraging open source to reduce costs, develop products and increase their bottom lines. Learn what these companies know about open source and how open source can give you the advantage.
Free Software
Free Software provides computer programs and capabilities at no cost but more importantly, it provides the freedom to run, edit, contribute to, and share the software. The importance of free software is a matter of access, not price. Software at no cost is a benefit but ownership rights to the software and source code is far more significant.
Free Office Software - The Libre Office suite provides top desktop productivity tools for free. This includes, a word processor, spreadsheet, presentation engine, drawing and flowcharting, database and math applications. Libre Office is available for Linux or Windows.
Free Books
The Free Books Library is a collection of thousands of the most popular public domain books in an online readable format. The collection includes great classical literature and more recent works where the U.S. copyright has expired. These books are yours to read and use without restrictions.
Source Code - Want to change a program or know how it works? Open Source provides the source code for its programs so that anyone can use, modify or learn how to write those programs themselves. Visit the GNU source code repositories to download the source.
Education
Study at Harvard, Stanford or MIT - Open edX provides free online courses from Harvard, MIT, Columbia, UC Berkeley and other top Universities. Hundreds of courses for almost all major subjects and course levels. Open edx also offers some paid courses and selected certifications.
Linux Manual Pages - A man or manual page is a form of software documentation found on Linux/Unix operating systems. Topics covered include computer programs (including library and system calls), formal standards and conventions, and even abstract concepts.
