ss(8)
NAME
ss - another utility to investigate sockets
SYNOPSIS
ss [options] [ FILTER ]
DESCRIPTION
ss is used to dump socket statistics. It allows showing information similar to netstat. It can display more TCP and state informations than other tools.
OPTIONS
When no option is used ss displays a list of open non-listening sockets
(e.g. TCP/UNIX/UDP) that have established connection.
-h, --help
Show summary of options.
-V, --version
Output version information.
-n, --numeric
Do not try to resolve service names.
-r, --resolve
Try to resolve numeric address/ports.
-a, --all
Display both listening and non-listening (for TCP this means
established connections) sockets.
-l, --listening
Display only listening sockets (these are omitted by default).
-o, --options
Show timer information.
-e, --extended
Show detailed socket information
-m, --memory
Show socket memory usage.
-p, --processes
Show process using socket.
-i, --info
Show internal TCP information.
-s, --summary
Print summary statistics. This option does not parse socket
lists obtaining summary from various sources. It is useful when
amount of sockets is so huge that parsing /proc/net/tcp is
painful.
-Z, --context
As the -p option but also shows process security context.
For netlink(7) sockets the initiating process context is
displayed as follows:
1. If valid pid show the process context.
2. If destination is kernel (pid = 0) show kernel
initial context.
3. If a unique identifier has been allocated by the
kernel or netlink user, show context as
"unavailable". This will generally indicate that a
process has more than one netlink socket active.
-z, --contexts
As the -Z option but also shows the socket context. The socket
context is taken from the associated inode and is not the actual
socket context held by the kernel. Sockets are typically labeled
with the context of the creating process, however the context
shown will reflect any policy role, type and/or range transition
rules applied, and is therefore a useful reference.
-N NSNAME, --net=NSNAME
Switch to the specified network namespace name.
-b, --bpf
Show socket BPF filters (only administrators are allowed to get
these information).
-4, --ipv4
Display only IP version 4 sockets (alias for -f inet).
-6, --ipv6
Display only IP version 6 sockets (alias for -f inet6).
-0, --packet
Display PACKET sockets (alias for -f link).
-t, --tcp
Display TCP sockets.
-u, --udp
Display UDP sockets.
-d, --dccp
Display DCCP sockets.
-w, --raw
Display RAW sockets.
-x, --unix
Display Unix domain sockets (alias for -f unix).
-f FAMILY, --family=FAMILY
Display sockets of type FAMILY. Currently the following
families are supported: unix, inet, inet6, link, netlink.
-A QUERY, --query=QUERY, --socket=QUERY
List of socket tables to dump, separated by commas. The
following identifiers are understood: all, inet, tcp, udp, raw,
unix, packet, netlink, unix_dgram, unix_stream, unix_seqpacket,
packet_raw, packet_dgram.
-D FILE, --diag=FILE
Do not display anything, just dump raw information about TCP
sockets to FILE after applying filters. If FILE is - stdout is
used.
-F FILE, --filter=FILE
Read filter information from FILE. Each line of FILE is
interpreted like single command line option. If FILE is - stdin
is used.
FILTER := [ state STATE-FILTER ] [ EXPRESSION ]
Please take a look at the official documentation (Debian package
iproute-doc) for details regarding filters.
STATE-FILTER
STATE-FILTER allows to construct arbitrary set of states to match. Its
syntax is sequence of keywords state and exclude followed by identifier
of state.
Available identifiers are:
All standard TCP states: established, syn-sent, syn-recv, fin-
wait-1, fin-wait-2, time-wait, closed, close-wait, last-ack,
listen and closing.
all - for all the states
connected - all the states except for listen and closed
synchronized - all the connected states except for syn-sent
bucket - states, which are maintained as minisockets, i.e.
time-wait and syn-recv
big - opposite to bucket
USAGE EXAMPLES
ss -t -a
Display all TCP sockets.
ss -t -a -Z
Display all TCP sockets with process SELinux security contexts.
ss -u -a
Display all UDP sockets.
ss -o state established '( dport = :ssh or sport = :ssh )'
Display all established ssh connections.
ss -x src /tmp/.X11-unix/*
Find all local processes connected to X server.
ss -o state fin-wait-1 '( sport = :http or sport = :https )' dst
193.233.7/24
List all the tcp sockets in state FIN-WAIT-1 for our apache to
network 193.233.7/24 and look at their timers.
SEE ALSO
ip(8), /usr/share/doc/iproute-doc/ss.html (package iproutedoc), RFC 793 - https://tools.ietf.org/rfc/rfc793.txt (TCP states)
AUTHOR
ss was written by Alexey Kuznetsov, <[email protected]>. This manual page was written by Michael Prokop <[email protected]> for the Debian project (but may be used by others). SS(8)
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