snmpusm(1)
NAME
snmpusm - creates and maintains SNMPv3 users on a network entity
SYNOPSIS
snmpusm [COMMON OPTIONS] [-Cw] AGENT create USER [CLONEFROM-USER] snmpusm [COMMON OPTIONS] AGENT delete USER snmpusm [COMMON OPTIONS] AGENT cloneFrom USER CLONEFROM-USER snmpusm [COMMON OPTIONS] [-Ca] [-Cx] AGENT passwd OLD-PASSPHRASE NEW- PASSPHRASE [USER] snmpusm [COMMON OPTIONS] <-Ca | -Cx> -Ck AGENT passwd OLD-KEY-OR- PASSPHRASE NEW-KEY-OR-PASSPHRASE [USER] snmpusm [COMMON OPTIONS] [-Ca] [-Cx] AGENT changekey [USER]
DESCRIPTION
snmpusm is an SNMP application that can be used to do simple maintenance on the users known to an SNMP agent, by manipulating the agent's User-based Security Module (USM) table. The user needs write access to the usmUserTable MIB table. This tool can be used to create, delete, clone, and change the passphrase of users configured on a running SNMP agent.
OPTIONS
Common options for all snmpusm commands:
-CE ENGINE-ID
Set usmUserEngineID to be used as part of the index of the
usmUserTable. Default is to use the contextEngineID (set via -E
or probed) as the usmUserEngineID.
-Cp STRING
Set the usmUserPublic value of the (new) user to the specified
STRING.
Options for the passwd and changekey commands:
-Ca Change the authentication key.
-Cx Change the privacy key.
-Ck Allows one to use localized key (must start with 0x) instead of
passphrase. When this option is used, either the -Ca or -Cx
option (but not both) must also be used.
CREATING USERS
An unauthenticated SNMPv3 user can be created using the command
snmpusm [COMMON OPTIONS] AGENT create USER
This constructs an (inactive) entry in the usmUserTable, with no
authentication or privacy settings. In principle, this user should be
useable for 'noAuthNoPriv' requests, but in practise the Net-SNMP agent
will not allow such an entry to be made active. The user can be
created via the createAndWait operation instead by using the -Ca flag.
This will prevent the user from being marked as active in any agent
until explicitly activated later via the activate command.
In order to activate this entry, it is necessary to "clone" an existing
user, using the command
snmpusm [COMMON OPTIONS] AGENT cloneFrom USER CLONEFROM-USER
The USER entry then inherits the same authentication and privacy
settings (including pass phrases) as the CLONEFROM user.
These two steps can be combined into one, by using the command
snmpusm [COMMON OPTIONS] AGENT create USER CLONEFROM-USER
The two forms of the create sub-command require that the user being
created does not already exist. The cloneFrom sub-command requires
that the user being cloned to does already exist.
Cloning is the only way to specify which authentication and privacy
protocols to use for a given user, and it is only possible to do this
once. Subsequent attempts to reclone onto the same user will appear to
succeed, but will be silently ignored. This (somewhat unexpected)
behaviour is mandated by the SNMPv3 USM specifications (RFC 3414). To
change the authentication and privacy settings for a given user, it is
necessary to delete and recreate the user entry. This is not necessary
for simply changing the pass phrases (see below). This means that the
agent must be initialized with at least one user for each combination
of authentication and privacy protocols. See the snmpd.conf(5) manual
page for details of the createUser configuration directive.
DELETING USERS
A user can be deleted from the usmUserTable using the command
snmpusm [COMMON OPTIONS] AGENT delete USER
CHANGING PASS PHRASES
User profiles contain private keys that are never transmitted over the
wire in clear text (regardless of whether the administration requests
are encrypted or not). To change the secret key for a user, it is
necessary to specify the user's old passphrase as well as the new one.
This uses the command
snmpusm [COMMON OPTIONS] [-Ca] [-Cx] AGENT passwd OLD-PASSPHRASE
NEW-PASSPHRASE [USER]
After cloning a new user entry from the appropriate template, you
should immediately change the new user's passphrase.
If USER is not specified, this command will change the passphrase of
the (SNMPv3) user issuing the command. If the -Ca or -Cx options are
specified, then only the authentication or privacy keys are changed.
If these options are not specified, then both the authentication and
privacy keys are changed.
snmpusm [COMMON OPTIONS] [-Ca] [-Cx] AGENT changekey [USER]
This command changes the key in a perfect-forward-secrecy compliant way
through a diffie-helman exchange. The remote agent must support the
SNMP-USM-DH-OBJECTS-MIB for this command to work. The resulting keys
are printed to the console and may be then set in future command
invocations using the --defAuthLocalizedKey and --defPrivLocalizedKey
options or in your snmp.conf file using the defAuthLocalizedKey and
defPrivLocalizedKey keywords.
Note that since these keys are randomly generated based on a diffie
helman exchange, they are no longer derived from a more easily typed
password. They are, however, much more secure.
To change from a localized key back to a password, the following
variant of the passwd sub-command is used:
snmpusm [COMMON OPTIONS] <-Ca | -Cx> -Ck AGENT passwd OLD-KEY-
OR-PASSPHRASE NEW-KEY-OR-PASSPHRASE [USER]
Either the -Ca or the -Cx option must be specified. The OLD-KEY-OR-
PASSPHRASE and/or NEW-KEY-OR-PASSPHRASE arguments can either be a
passphrase or a localized key starting with "0x", e.g. as printed out
by the changekey sub-command.
Note that snmpusm REQUIRES an argument specifying the agent to query
as described in the .I snmpcmd(1) manual page.
EXAMPLES
Let's assume for our examples that the following VACM and USM
configurations lines were in the snmpd.conf file for a Net-SNMP agent.
These lines set up a default user called "initial" with the
authentication passphrase "setup_passphrase" so that we can perform the
initial setup of an agent:
# VACM configuration entries
rwuser initial
# lets add the new user we'll create too:
rwuser wes
# USM configuration entries
createUser initial MD5 setup_passphrase DES
Note: the "initial" user's setup should be removed after creating a
real user that you grant administrative privileges to (like the user
"wes" we'll be creating in this example.
Note: passphrases must be 8 characters minimum in length.
Create a new user
snmpusm -v3 -u initial -n "" -l authNoPriv -a MD5 -A setup_passphrase
localhost create wes initial
Creates a new user, here named "wes" using the user "initial" to
do it. "wes" is cloned from "initial" in the process, so he
inherits that user's passphrase ("setup_passphrase").
Change the user's passphrase
snmpusm -v 3 -u wes -n "" -l authNoPriv -a MD5 -A setup_passphrase
localhost passwd setup_passphrase new_passphrase
After creating the user "wes" with the same passphrase as the
"initial" user, we need to change his passphrase for him. The
above command changes it from "setup_passphrase", which was
inherited from the initial user, to "new_passphrase".
Test the new user
snmpget -v 3 -u wes -n "" -l authNoPriv -a MD5 -A new_passphrase
localhost sysUpTime.0
If the above commands were successful, this command should have
properly performed an authenticated SNMPv3 GET request to the
agent.
Now, go remove the vacm "group" snmpd.conf entry for the "initial" user
and you have a valid user 'wes' that you can use for future
transactions instead of initial.
WARNING
Manipulating the usmUserTable using this command can only be done using SNMPv3. This command will not work with the community-based versions, even if they have write access to the table.
SEE ALSO
snmpd.conf(5), snmp.conf(5), RFC 3414
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