lastcomm - print out information about previously executed commands.
lastcomm [ command-name ... ] [ user-name ... ] [ terminal-name ... ] [ --strict-match ] [ --forwards ] [ -f filename | --file filename ] [ --ahz hz ] [ --user name ] [ --command name ] [ --tty name ] [ | --show_paging ] [ --debug ] [ -V | --version ] [ -h | --help ]
lastcomm prints out information about previously executed commands. If no arguments are specified, lastcomm will print info about all of the commands in acct (the record file). If called with one or more of command-name, user-name, or terminal-name, only records containing those items will be displayed. For example, to find out which users used command `a.out' and which users were logged into `tty0', type: lastcomm a.out tty0 This will print any entry for which `a.out' or `tty0' matches in any of the record's fields (command, name, or terminal). If you want to find only items that match *all* of the arguments on the command line, you must use the '-strict-match' option. For example, to list all of the executions of command a.out by user root on terminal tty0, type: lastcomm --strict-match --command a.out --user root --tty tty0 The order of the arguments is not important. For each entry the following information is printed: + command name of the process + flags, as recorded by the system accounting routines: S -- command executed by super-user F -- command executed after a fork but without a following exec C -- command run in PDP-11 compatibility mode (VAX only) D -- command terminated with the generation of a core file X -- command was terminated with the signal SIGTERM + the name of the user who ran the process + time the process started
--strict-match Print only entries that match *all* of the arguments on the command line. --user name List records for user with name. This is useful if you're trying to match a username that happens to be the same as a command (e.g., ed ). --command name List records for command name. --tty name List records for tty name. --forwards Read file forwards instead of backwards. This avoids trying to seek on the file and can be used to read from a pipe. This must be specified prior to any -f arguments. -f filename, --file filename Read from the file filename instead of acct. A filename of "-" will result in reading from stdin. This must either be the first -f option, or --forwards must precede all -f options. --ahz hz Use this flag to tell the program what AHZ should be (in hertz). This option is useful if you are trying to view an acct file created on another machine which has the same byte order and file format as your current machine, but has a different value for AHZ. -p, --show-paging Print paging statistics --debug Print verbose internal information. -V, --version Print the version number of lastcomm. -h, --help Prints the usage string and default locations of system files to standard output and exits.
acct The system wide process accounting file. See acct(5) (or pacct(5)) for further details. /var/log/account This directory contains pacct files which contain the binary process accounting data as written by the kernel.
The GNU accounting utilities were written by Noel Cragg <noel@gnu.ai.mit.edu>. The man page was adapted from the accounting texinfo page by Susan Kleinmann <sgk@sgk.tiac.net>.
last(1), acct(5) 1995 October 31 LASTCOMM(1)
Personal Opportunity - Free software gives you access to billions of dollars of software at no cost. Use this software for your business, personal use or to develop a profitable skill. Access to source code provides access to a level of capabilities/information that companies protect though copyrights. Open source is a core component of the Internet and it is available to you. Leverage the billions of dollars in resources and capabilities to build a career, establish a business or change the world. The potential is endless for those who understand the opportunity.
Business Opportunity - Goldman Sachs, IBM and countless large corporations are leveraging open source to reduce costs, develop products and increase their bottom lines. Learn what these companies know about open source and how open source can give you the advantage.
Free Software provides computer programs and capabilities at no cost but more importantly, it provides the freedom to run, edit, contribute to, and share the software. The importance of free software is a matter of access, not price. Software at no cost is a benefit but ownership rights to the software and source code is far more significant.
Free Office Software - The Libre Office suite provides top desktop productivity tools for free. This includes, a word processor, spreadsheet, presentation engine, drawing and flowcharting, database and math applications. Libre Office is available for Linux or Windows.
The Free Books Library is a collection of thousands of the most popular public domain books in an online readable format. The collection includes great classical literature and more recent works where the U.S. copyright has expired. These books are yours to read and use without restrictions.
Source Code - Want to change a program or know how it works? Open Source provides the source code for its programs so that anyone can use, modify or learn how to write those programs themselves. Visit the GNU source code repositories to download the source.
Study at Harvard, Stanford or MIT - Open edX provides free online courses from Harvard, MIT, Columbia, UC Berkeley and other top Universities. Hundreds of courses for almost all major subjects and course levels. Open edx also offers some paid courses and selected certifications.
Linux Manual Pages - A man or manual page is a form of software documentation found on Linux/Unix operating systems. Topics covered include computer programs (including library and system calls), formal standards and conventions, and even abstract concepts.