getnameinfo(3)
NAME
getnameinfo - address-to-name translation in protocol-independent manner
SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netdb.h>
int getnameinfo(const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen,
char *host, socklen_t hostlen,
char *serv, socklen_t servlen, int flags);
Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):
getnameinfo():
Since glibc 2.22: _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 201112L
Glibc 2.21 and earlier: _POSIX_C_SOURCE
DESCRIPTION
The getnameinfo() function is the inverse of getaddrinfo(3): it converts a socket address to a corresponding host and service, in a protocol-independent manner. It combines the functionality of gethostbyaddr(3) and getservbyport(3), but unlike those functions, getnameinfo() is reentrant and allows programs to eliminate IPv4-versus-IPv6 dependencies. The sa argument is a pointer to a generic socket address structure (of type sockaddr_in or sockaddr_in6) of size addrlen that holds the input IP address and port number. The arguments host and serv are pointers to caller-allocated buffers (of size hostlen and servlen respectively) into which getnameinfo() places null-terminated strings containing the host and service names respectively. The caller can specify that no hostname (or no service name) is required by providing a NULL host (or serv) argument or a zero hostlen (or servlen) argument. However, at least one of hostname or service name must be requested. The flags argument modifies the behavior of getnameinfo() as follows: NI_NAMEREQD If set, then an error is returned if the hostname cannot be determined. NI_DGRAM If set, then the service is datagram (UDP) based rather than stream (TCP) based. This is required for the few ports (512-514) that have different services for UDP and TCP. NI_NOFQDN If set, return only the hostname part of the fully qualified domain name for local hosts. NI_NUMERICHOST If set, then the numeric form of the hostname is returned. (When not set, this will still happen in case the node's name cannot be determined.) NI_NUMERICSERV If set, then the numeric form of the service address is returned. (When not set, this will still happen in case the service's name cannot be determined.) Extensions to getnameinfo() for Internationalized Domain Names Starting with glibc 2.3.4, getnameinfo() has been extended to selectively allow hostnames to be transparently converted to and from the Internationalized Domain Name (IDN) format (see RFC 3490, Internationalizing Domain Names in Applications (IDNA)). Three new flags are defined: NI_IDN If this flag is used, then the name found in the lookup process is converted from IDN format to the locale's encoding if necessary. ASCII-only names are not affected by the conversion, which makes this flag usable in existing programs and environments. NI_IDN_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED, NI_IDN_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES Setting these flags will enable the IDNA_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED (allow unassigned Unicode code points) and IDNA_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES (check output to make sure it is a STD3 conforming hostname) flags respectively to be used in the IDNA handling.
RETURN VALUE
On success, 0 is returned, and node and service names, if requested,
are filled with null-terminated strings, possibly truncated to fit the
specified buffer lengths. On error, one of the following nonzero error
codes is returned:
EAI_AGAIN
The name could not be resolved at this time. Try again later.
EAI_BADFLAGS
The flags argument has an invalid value.
EAI_FAIL
A nonrecoverable error occurred.
EAI_FAMILY
The address family was not recognized, or the address length was
invalid for the specified family.
EAI_MEMORY
Out of memory.
EAI_NONAME
The name does not resolve for the supplied arguments.
NI_NAMEREQD is set and the host's name cannot be located, or
neither hostname nor service name were requested.
EAI_OVERFLOW
The buffer pointed to by host or serv was too small.
EAI_SYSTEM
A system error occurred. The error code can be found in errno.
The gai_strerror(3) function translates these error codes to a human
readable string, suitable for error reporting.
FILES
/etc/hosts /etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/resolv.conf
VERSIONS
getnameinfo() is provided in glibc since version 2.1.
ATTRIBUTES
For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see attributes(7). Interface Attribute Value getnameinfo() Thread safety MT-Safe env locale
CONFORMING TO
POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, RFC 2553.
NOTES
In order to assist the programmer in choosing reasonable sizes for the
supplied buffers, <netdb.h> defines the constants
#define NI_MAXHOST 1025
#define NI_MAXSERV 32
Since glibc 2.8, these definitions are exposed only if suitable feature
test macros are defined, namely: _GNU_SOURCE, _DEFAULT_SOURCE (since
glibc 2.19), or (in glibc versions up to and including 2.19)
_BSD_SOURCE or _SVID_SOURCE.
The former is the constant MAXDNAME in recent versions of BIND's
<arpa/nameser.h> header file. The latter is a guess based on the
services listed in the current Assigned Numbers RFC.
Before glibc version 2.2, the hostlen and servlen arguments were typed
as size_t.
EXAMPLE
The following code tries to get the numeric hostname and service name,
for a given socket address. Note that there is no hardcoded reference
to a particular address family.
struct sockaddr *addr; /* input */
socklen_t addrlen; /* input */
char hbuf[NI_MAXHOST], sbuf[NI_MAXSERV];
if (getnameinfo(addr, addrlen, hbuf, sizeof(hbuf), sbuf,
sizeof(sbuf), NI_NUMERICHOST | NI_NUMERICSERV) == 0)
printf("host=%s, serv=%s\n", hbuf, sbuf);
The following version checks if the socket address has a reverse
address mapping.
struct sockaddr *addr; /* input */
socklen_t addrlen; /* input */
char hbuf[NI_MAXHOST];
if (getnameinfo(addr, addrlen, hbuf, sizeof(hbuf),
NULL, 0, NI_NAMEREQD))
printf("could not resolve hostname");
else
printf("host=%s\n", hbuf);
An example program using getnameinfo() can be found in getaddrinfo(3).
SEE ALSO
accept(2), getpeername(2), getsockname(2), recvfrom(2), socket(2), getaddrinfo(3), gethostbyaddr(3), getservbyname(3), getservbyport(3), inet_ntop(3), hosts(5), services(5), hostname(7), named(8) R. Gilligan, S. Thomson, J. Bound and W. Stevens, Basic Socket Interface Extensions for IPv6, RFC 2553, March 1999. Tatsuya Jinmei and Atsushi Onoe, An Extension of Format for IPv6 Scoped Addresses, internet draft, work in progress ftp://ftp.ietf.org /internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ipngwg-scopedaddr-format-02.txt. Craig Metz, Protocol Independence Using the Sockets API, Proceedings of the freenix track: 2000 USENIX annual technical conference, June 2000 http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/usenix2000 /freenix/metzprotocol.html.
COLOPHON
This page is part of release 4.09 of the Linux man-pages project. A description of the project, information about reporting bugs, and the latest version of this page, can be found at https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.
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