firewalld.zones(5)
NAME
firewalld.zones - firewalld zones
DESCRIPTION
What is a zone?
A network zone defines the level of trust for network connections. This
is a one to many relation, which means that a connection can only be
part of one zone, but a zone can be used for many network connections.
The zone defines the firewall features that are enabled in this zone:
Predefined services
A service is a combination of port and/or protocol entries.
Optionally netfilter helper modules can be added and also a IPv4
and IPv6 destination address.
Ports and protocols
Definition of tcp or udp ports, where ports can be a single port or
a port range.
ICMP blocks
Blocks selected Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) messages.
These messages are either information requests or created as a
reply to information requests or in error conditions.
Masquerading
The addresses of a private network are mapped to and hidden behind
a public IP address. This is a form of address translation.
Forward ports
A forward port is either mapped to the same port on another host or
to another port on the same host or to another port on another
host.
Rich language rules
The rich language extends the elements (service, port, icmp-block,
masquerade, forward-port and source-port) with additional source
and destination addresses, logging, actions and limits for logs and
actions. It can also be used for host or network white and black
listing (for more information, please have a look at
firewalld.richlanguage(5)).
For more information on the zone file format, please have a look at
firewalld.zone(5).
Which zones are available?
Here are the zones provided by firewalld sorted according to the
default trust level of the zones from untrusted to trusted:
drop
Any incoming network packets are dropped, there is no reply. Only
outgoing network connections are possible.
block
Any incoming network connections are rejected with an
icmp-host-prohibited message for IPv4 and icmp6-adm-prohibited for
IPv6. Only network connections initiated within this system are
possible.
public
For use in public areas. You do not trust the other computers on
networks to not harm your computer. Only selected incoming
connections are accepted.
external
For use on external networks with masquerading enabled especially
for routers. You do not trust the other computers on networks to
not harm your computer. Only selected incoming connections are
accepted.
dmz
For computers in your demilitarized zone that are
publicly-accessible with limited access to your internal network.
Only selected incoming connections are accepted.
work
For use in work areas. You mostly trust the other computers on
networks to not harm your computer. Only selected incoming
connections are accepted.
home
For use in home areas. You mostly trust the other computers on
networks to not harm your computer. Only selected incoming
connections are accepted.
internal
For use on internal networks. You mostly trust the other computers
on the networks to not harm your computer. Only selected incoming
connections are accepted.
trusted
All network connections are accepted.
Which zone should be used?
A public WIFI network connection for example should be mainly
untrusted, a wired home network connection should be fairly trusted.
Select the zone that best matches the network you are using.
How to configure or add zones?
To configure or add zones you can either use one of the firewalld
interfaces to handle and change the configuration: These are the
graphical configuration tool firewall-config, the command line tool
firewall-cmd or the D-Bus interface. Or you can create or copy a zone
file in one of the configuration directories. /usr/lib/firewalld/zones
is used for default and fallback configurations and
/etc/firewalld/zones is used for user created and customized
configuration files.
How to set or change a zone for a connection?
The zone is stored into the ifcfg of the connection with ZONE= option.
If the option is missing or empty, the default zone set in firewalld is
used.
If the connection is controlled by NetworkManager, you can also use
nm-connection-editor to change the zone.
For the addion or change of interfaces that are not under control of
NetworkManager: firewalld tries to change the ZONE setting in the ifcfg
file, if an ifcfg file exists that is using the interface.
Only for the removal of interfaces that are not under control of
NetworkManager: firewalld is not trying to change the ZONE setting in
the ifcfg file. This is needed to make sure that an ifdown of the
interface will not result in a reset of the zone setting to the default
zone. Only the zone binding is then removed in firewalld then.
SEE ALSO
firewall-applet(1), firewalld(1), firewall-cmd(1), firewall-config(1), firewallctl(1), firewalld.conf(5), firewalld.direct(5), firewalld.dbus(5), firewalld.icmptype(5), firewalld.lockdown- whitelist(5), firewall-offline-cmd(1), firewalld.richlanguage(5), firewalld.service(5), firewalld.zone(5), firewalld.zones(5), firewalld.ipset(5), firewalld.helper(5)
NOTES
firewalld home page:
http://www.firewalld.org
More documentation with examples:
http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/FirewallD
AUTHORS
Thomas Woerner <[email protected]> Developer Jiri Popelka <[email protected]> Developer
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