adjtimex(2)
NAME
adjtimex, ntp_adjtime - tune kernel clock
SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/timex.h> int adjtimex(struct timex *buf); int ntp_adjtime(struct timex *buf);
DESCRIPTION
Linux uses David L. Mills' clock adjustment algorithm (see RFC 5905).
The system call adjtimex() reads and optionally sets adjustment
parameters for this algorithm. It takes a pointer to a timex
structure, updates kernel parameters from (selected) field values, and
returns the same structure updated with the current kernel values.
This structure is declared as follows:
struct timex {
int modes; /* Mode selector */
long offset; /* Time offset; nanoseconds, if STA_NANO
status flag is set, otherwise
microseconds */
long freq; /* Frequency offset; see NOTES for units */
long maxerror; /* Maximum error (microseconds) */
long esterror; /* Estimated error (microseconds) */
int status; /* Clock command/status */
long constant; /* PLL (phase-locked loop) time constant */
long precision; /* Clock precision
(microseconds, read-only) */
long tolerance; /* Clock frequency tolerance (read-only);
see NOTES for units */
struct timeval time;
/* Current time (read-only, except for
ADJ_SETOFFSET); upon return, time.tv_usec
contains nanoseconds, if STA_NANO status
flag is set, otherwise microseconds */
long tick; /* Microseconds between clock ticks */
long ppsfreq; /* PPS (pulse per second) frequency
(read-only); see NOTES for units */
long jitter; /* PPS jitter (read-only); nanoseconds, if
STA_NANO status flag is set, otherwise
microseconds */
int shift; /* PPS interval duration
(seconds, read-only) */
long stabil; /* PPS stability (read-only);
see NOTES for units */
long jitcnt; /* PPS count of jitter limit exceeded
events (read-only) */
long calcnt; /* PPS count of calibration intervals
(read-only) */
long errcnt; /* PPS count of calibration errors
(read-only) */
long stbcnt; /* PPS count of stability limit exceeded
events (read-only) */
int tai; /* TAI offset, as set by previous ADJ_TAI
operation (seconds, read-only,
since Linux 2.6.26) */
/* Further padding bytes to allow for future expansion */
};
The modes field determines which parameters, if any, to set. (As
described later in this page, the constants used for ntp_adjtime() are
equivalent but differently named.) It is a bit mask containing a
bitwise-or combination of zero or more of the following bits:
ADJ_OFFSET
Set time offset from buf.offset. Since Linux 2.6.26, the
supplied value is clamped to the range (-0.5s, +0.5s). In older
kernels, an EINVAL error occurs if the supplied value is out of
range.
ADJ_FREQUENCY
Set frequency offset from buf.freq. Since Linux 2.6.26, the
supplied value is clamped to the range (-32768000, +32768000).
In older kernels, an EINVAL error occurs if the supplied value
is out of range.
ADJ_MAXERROR
Set maximum time error from buf.maxerror.
ADJ_ESTERROR
Set estimated time error from buf.esterror.
ADJ_STATUS
Set clock status bits from buf.status. A description of these
bits is provided below.
ADJ_TIMECONST
Set PLL time constant from buf.constant. If the STA_NANO status
flag (see below) is clear, the kernel adds 4 to this value.
ADJ_SETOFFSET (since Linux 2.6.39)
Add buf.time to the current time. If buf.status includes the
ADJ_NANO flag, then buf.time.tv_usec is interpreted as a
nanosecond value; otherwise it is interpreted as microseconds.
ADJ_MICRO (since Linux 2.6.26)
Select microsecond resolution.
ADJ_NANO (since Linux 2.6.26)
Select nanosecond resolution. Only one of ADJ_MICRO and
ADJ_NANO should be specified.
ADJ_TAI (since Linux 2.6.26)
Set TAI (Atomic International Time) offset from buf.constant.
ADJ_TAI should not be used in conjunction with ADJ_TIMECONST,
since the latter mode also employs the buf.constant field.
For a complete explanation of TAI and the difference between TAI
and UTC, see BIPM http://www.bipm.org/en/bipm/tai/tai.html
ADJ_TICK
Set tick value from buf.tick.
Alternatively, modes can be specified as either of the following
(multibit mask) values, in which case other bits should not be
specified in modes:
ADJ_OFFSET_SINGLESHOT
Old-fashioned adjtime(): (gradually) adjust time by value
specified in buf.offset, which specifies an adjustment in
microseconds.
ADJ_OFFSET_SS_READ (functional since Linux 2.6.28)
Return (in buf.offset) the remaining amount of time to be
adjusted after an earlier ADJ_OFFSET_SINGLESHOT operation. This
feature was added in Linux 2.6.24, but did not work correctly
until Linux 2.6.28.
Ordinary users are restricted to a value of either 0 or
ADJ_OFFSET_SS_READ for modes. Only the superuser may set any
parameters.
The buf.status field is a bit mask that is used to set and/or retrieve
status bits associated with the NTP implementation. Some bits in the
mask are both readable and settable, while others are read-only.
STA_PLL (read-write)
Enable phase-locked loop (PLL) updates via ADJ_OFFSET.
STA_PPSFREQ (read-write)
Enable PPS (pulse-per-second) frequency discipline.
STA_PPSTIME (read-write)
Enable PPS time discipline.
STA_FLL (read-write)
Select frequency-locked loop (FLL) mode.
STA_INS (read-write)
Insert a leap second after the last second of the UTC day, thus
extending the last minute of the day by one second. Leap-second
insertion will occur each day, so long as this flag remains set.
STA_DEL (read-write)
Delete a leap second at the last second of the UTC day. Leap
second deletion will occur each day, so long as this flag
remains set.
STA_UNSYNC (read-write)
Clock unsynchronized.
STA_FREQHOLD (read-write)
Hold frequency. Normally adjustments made via ADJ_OFFSET result
in dampened frequency adjustments also being made. So a single
call corrects the current offset, but as offsets in the same
direction are made repeatedly, the small frequency adjustments
will accumulate to fix the long-term skew.
This flag prevents the small frequency adjustment from being
made when correcting for an ADJ_OFFSET value.
STA_PPSSIGNAL (read-only)
A valid PPS (pulse-per-second) signal is present.
STA_PPSJITTER (read-only)
PPS signal jitter exceeded.
STA_PPSWANDER (read-only)
PPS signal wander exceeded.
STA_PPSERROR (read-only)
PPS signal calibration error.
STA_CLOCKERR (read-only)
Clock hardware fault.
STA_NANO (read-only; since Linux 2.6.26)
Resolution (0 = microsecond, 1 = nanoseconds). Set via
ADJ_NANO, cleared via ADJ_MICRO.
STA_MODE (since Linux 2.6.26)
Mode (0 = Phase Locked Loop, 1 = Frequency Locked Loop).
STA_CLK (read-only; since Linux 2.6.26)
Clock source (0 = A, 1 = B); currently unused.
Attempts to set read-only status bits are silently ignored.
ntp_adjtime ()
The ntp_adjtime() library function (described in the NTP "Kernel
Application Program API", KAPI) is a more portable interface for
performing the same task as adjtimex(). Other than the following
points, it is identical to adjtime():
* The constants used in modes are prefixed with "MOD_" rather than
"ADJ_", and have the same suffixes (thus, MOD_OFFSET, MOD_FREQUENCY,
and so on), other than the exceptions noted in the following points.
* MOD_CLKA is the synonym for ADJ_OFFSET_SINGLESHOT.
* MOD_CLKB is the synonym for ADJ_TICK.
* The is no synonym for ADJ_OFFSET_SS_READ, which is not described in
the KAPI.
RETURN VALUE
On success, adjtimex() and ntp_adjtime() return the clock state; that
is, one of the following values:
TIME_OK Clock synchronized, no leap second adjustment pending.
TIME_INS Indicates that a leap second will be added at the end of
the UTC day.
TIME_DEL Indicates that a leap second will be deleted at the end of
the UTC day.
TIME_OOP Insertion of a leap second is in progress.
TIME_WAIT A leap-second insertion or deletion has been completed.
This value will be returned until the next ADJ_STATUS
operation clears the STA_INS and STA_DEL flags.
TIME_ERROR The system clock is not synchronized to a reliable server.
This value is returned when any of the following holds
true:
* Either STA_UNSYNC or STA_CLOCKERR is set.
* STA_PPSSIGNAL is clear and either STA_PPSFREQ or
STA_PPSTIME is set.
* STA_PPSTIME and STA_PPSJITTER are both set.
* STA_PPSFREQ is set and either STA_PPSWANDER or
STA_PPSJITTER is set.
The symbolic name TIME_BAD is a synonym for TIME_ERROR,
provided for backward compatibility.
Note that starting with Linux 3.4, the call operates asynchronously and
the return value usually will not reflect a state change caused by the
call itself.
On failure, these calls return -1 and set errno.
ERRORS
EFAULT buf does not point to writable memory.
EINVAL (kernels before Linux 2.6.26)
An attempt was made to set buf.freq to a value outside the range
(-33554432, +33554432).
EINVAL (kernels before Linux 2.6.26)
An attempt was made to set buf.offset to a value outside the
permitted range. In kernels before Linux 2.0, the permitted
range was (-131072, +131072). From Linux 2.0 onwards, the
permitted range was (-512000, +512000).
EINVAL An attempt was made to set buf.status to a value other than
those listed above.
EINVAL An attempt was made to set buf.tick to a value outside the range
900000/HZ to 1100000/HZ, where HZ is the system timer interrupt
frequency.
EPERM buf.modes is neither 0 nor ADJ_OFFSET_SS_READ, and the caller
does not have sufficient privilege. Under Linux, the
CAP_SYS_TIME capability is required.
ATTRIBUTES
For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see attributes(7). Interface Attribute Value ntp_adjtime() Thread safety MT-Safe
CONFORMING TO
Neither of these interfaces is described in POSIX.1 adjtimex() is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs intended to be portable. The preferred API for the NTP daemon is ntp_adjtime(3).
NOTES
In struct timex, freq, ppsfreq, and stabil are ppm (parts per million) with a 16-bit fractional part, which means that a value of 1 in one of those fields actually means 2^-16 ppm, and 2^16=65536 is 1 ppm. This is the case for both input values (in the case of freq) and output values. The leap-second processing triggered by STA_INS and STA_DEL is done by the kernel in timer context Thus, it will take one tick into the second for the leap second to be inserted or deleted.
SEE ALSO
settimeofday(2), adjtime(3), ntp_gettime(3), capabilities(7), time(7), adjtimex(8), hwclock(8) NTP "Kernel Application Program Interface" http://www.slac.stanford.edu/comp/unix/package/rtems/src/ssrlApps/ ntpNanoclock/api.htm
COLOPHON
This page is part of release 4.09 of the Linux man-pages project. A description of the project, information about reporting bugs, and the latest version of this page, can be found at https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.
Opportunity
Personal Opportunity - Free software gives you access to billions of dollars of software at no cost. Use this software for your business, personal use or to develop a profitable skill. Access to source code provides access to a level of capabilities/information that companies protect though copyrights. Open source is a core component of the Internet and it is available to you. Leverage the billions of dollars in resources and capabilities to build a career, establish a business or change the world. The potential is endless for those who understand the opportunity.
Business Opportunity - Goldman Sachs, IBM and countless large corporations are leveraging open source to reduce costs, develop products and increase their bottom lines. Learn what these companies know about open source and how open source can give you the advantage.
Free Software
Free Software provides computer programs and capabilities at no cost but more importantly, it provides the freedom to run, edit, contribute to, and share the software. The importance of free software is a matter of access, not price. Software at no cost is a benefit but ownership rights to the software and source code is far more significant.
Free Office Software - The Libre Office suite provides top desktop productivity tools for free. This includes, a word processor, spreadsheet, presentation engine, drawing and flowcharting, database and math applications. Libre Office is available for Linux or Windows.
Free Books
The Free Books Library is a collection of thousands of the most popular public domain books in an online readable format. The collection includes great classical literature and more recent works where the U.S. copyright has expired. These books are yours to read and use without restrictions.
Source Code - Want to change a program or know how it works? Open Source provides the source code for its programs so that anyone can use, modify or learn how to write those programs themselves. Visit the GNU source code repositories to download the source.
Education
Study at Harvard, Stanford or MIT - Open edX provides free online courses from Harvard, MIT, Columbia, UC Berkeley and other top Universities. Hundreds of courses for almost all major subjects and course levels. Open edx also offers some paid courses and selected certifications.
Linux Manual Pages - A man or manual page is a form of software documentation found on Linux/Unix operating systems. Topics covered include computer programs (including library and system calls), formal standards and conventions, and even abstract concepts.
