yum(8)
NAME
yum - Yellowdog Updater Modified
SYNOPSIS
yum [options] [command] [package ...]
DESCRIPTION
yum is an interactive, rpm based, package manager. It can automatically
perform system updates, including dependency analysis and obsolete
processing based on "repository" metadata. It can also perform
installation of new packages, removal of old packages and perform
queries on the installed and/or available packages among many other
commands/services (see below). yum is similar to other high level
package managers like apt-get and smart.
While there are some graphical interfaces directly to the yum code,
more recent graphical interface development is happening with
PackageKit and the gnome-packagekit application.
command is one of:
* install package1 [package2] [...]
* update [package1] [package2] [...]
* update-to [package1] [package2] [...]
* check-update
* upgrade [package1] [package2] [...]
* upgrade-to [package1] [package2] [...]
* distribution-synchronization [package1] [package2] [...]
* remove | erase package1 [package2] [...]
* list [...]
* info [...]
* provides | whatprovides feature1 [feature2] [...]
* clean [ packages | metadata | expire-cache | rpmdb | plugins | all ]
* makecache
* groups [...]
* search string1 [string2] [...]
* shell [filename]
* resolvedep dep1 [dep2] [...]
* localinstall rpmfile1 [rpmfile2] [...]
(maintained for legacy reasons only - use install)
* localupdate rpmfile1 [rpmfile2] [...]
(maintained for legacy reasons only - use update)
* reinstall package1 [package2] [...]
* downgrade package1 [package2] [...]
* deplist package1 [package2] [...]
* repolist [all|enabled|disabled]
* version [ all | installed | available | group-* | nogroups* |
grouplist | groupinfo ]
* history [info|list|packages-list|summary|addon-
info|redo|undo|rollback|new]
* check
* help [command]
Unless the --help or -h option is given, one of the above commands must
be present.
Repository configuration is honored in all operations.
install
Is used to install the latest version of a package or group of
packages while ensuring that all dependencies are satisfied.
(See Specifying package names for more information) If no
package matches the given package name(s), they are assumed to
be a shell glob and any matches are then installed. If the name
starts with an @ character the rest of the name is used as
though passed to the groupinstall command. If the name starts
with a - character, then a search is done within the transaction
and any matches are removed. If the name is a file, then install
works like localinstall. If the name doesn't match a package,
then package "provides" are searched (Eg.
"_sqlitecache.so()(64bit)") as are filelists (Eg.
"/usr/bin/yum"). Also note that for filelists, wildcards will
match multiple packages.
update If run without any packages, update will update every currently
installed package. If one or more packages or package globs are
specified, Yum will only update the listed packages. While
updating packages, yum will ensure that all dependencies are
satisfied. (See Specifying package names for more information)
If the packages or globs specified match to packages which are
not currently installed then update will not install them.
update operates on groups, files, provides and filelists just
like the "install" command.
If the main obsoletes configure option is true (default) or the
--obsoletes flag is present yum will include package obsoletes
in its calculations - this makes it better for distro-version
changes, for example: upgrading from somelinux 8.0 to somelinux
9.
Note that "update" works on installed packages first, and only
if there are no matches does it look for available packages. The
difference is most noticable when you do "update foo-1-2" which
will act exactly as "update foo" if foo-1-2 is installed. You
can use the "update-to" if you'd prefer that nothing happen in
the above case.
update-to
This command works like "update" but always specifies the
version of the package we want to update to.
check-update
Implemented so you could know if your machine had any updates
that needed to be applied without running it interactively.
Returns exit value of 100 if there are packages available for an
update. Also returns a list of the packages to be updated in
list format. Returns 0 if no packages are available for update.
Returns 1 if an error occurred. Running in verbose mode also
shows obsoletes.
upgrade
Is the same as the update command with the --obsoletes flag set.
See update for more details.
upgrade-to
This command works like "upgrade" but always specifies the
version of the package we want to update to.
distribution-synchronization or distro-sync
Synchronizes the installed package set with the latest packages
available, this is done by either obsoleting, upgrading or
downgrading as appropriate. This will "normally" do the same
thing as the upgrade command however if you have the package FOO
installed at version 4, and the latest available is only version
3, then this command will downgrade FOO to version 3.
If you give the optional argument "full", then the command will
also reinstall packages where the install checksum and the
available checksum do not match. And remove old packages (can be
used to sync. rpmdb versions). The optional argument "different"
can be used to specify the default operation.
This command does not perform operations on groups, local
packages or negative selections.
remove or erase
Are used to remove the specified packages from the system as
well as removing any packages which depend on the package being
removed. remove operates on groups, files, provides and
filelists just like the "install" command.(See Specifying
package names for more information)
Note that "yum" is included in the protected_packages
configuration, by default. So you can't accidentally remove yum
itself.
list Is used to list various information about available packages;
more complete details are available in the List Options section
below.
provides or whatprovides
Is used to find out which package provides some feature or file.
Just use a specific name or a file-glob-syntax wildcards to list
the packages available or installed that provide that feature or
file.
search This is used to find packages when you know something about the
package but aren't sure of it's name. By default search will try
searching just package names and summaries, but if that "fails"
it will then try descriptions and url.
Yum search orders the results so that those packages matching
more terms will appear first.
You can force searching everything by specifying "all" as the
first argument.
info Is used to list a description and summary information about
available packages; takes the same arguments as in the List
Options section below.
clean Is used to clean up various things which accumulate in the yum
cache directory over time. More complete details can be found
in the Clean Options section below.
makecache
Is used to download and make usable all the metadata for the
currently enabled yum repos.
groups A command, new in 3.4.2, that collects all the subcommands that
act on groups together.
"group install" is used to install all of the individual
packages in a group, of the specified types (this works as if
you'd taken each of those package names and put them on the
command line for a "yum install" command).
The group_package_types configuration option specifies which
types will be installed.
"group update" is just an alias for groupinstall, which will do
the right thing because "yum install X" and "yum update X" do
the same thing, when X is already installed.
"group list" is used to list the available groups from all yum
repos. Groups are marked as "installed" if all mandatory
packages are installed, or if a group doesn't have any mandatory
packages then it is installed if any of the optional or default
package are installed. The optional "hidden" argument will also
list groups marked as not being "user visible". If you pass the
-v option, to enable verbose mode, then the groupids are
displayed.
"group remove" is used to remove all of the packages in a group,
unlike "groupinstall" this will remove everything regardless of
group_package_types. It is worth pointing out that packages can
be in more than one group, so "group install X Y" followed by
"group remove Y" does not do give you the same result as "group
install X".
The groupremove_leaf_only configuration changes the behaviour of
this command to only remove packages which aren't required by
something else.
"group info" is used to give the description and package list of
a group (and which type those packages are marked as). Note that
you can use the yum-filter-data and yum-list-data plugins to
get/use the data the other way around (Ie. what groups own
packages need updating). If you pass the -v option, to enable
verbose mode, then the package names are matched against
installed/available packages similar to the list command.
shell Is used to enter the 'yum shell', when a filename is specified
the contents of that file is executed in yum shell mode. See
yum-shell(8) for more info
resolvedep
Is used to list packages providing the specified dependencies,
at most one package is listed per dependency.
localinstall
Is used to install a set of local rpm files. If required the
enabled repositories will be used to resolve dependencies. Note
that the install command will do a local install, if given a
filename. This option is maintained for legacy reasons only.
localupdate
Is used to update the system by specifying local rpm files. Only
the specified rpm files of which an older version is already
installed will be installed, the remaining specified packages
will be ignored. If required the enabled repositories will be
used to resolve dependencies. Note that the update command will
do a local update, if given a filename. This option is
maintained for legacy reasons only.
reinstall
Will reinstall the identically versioned package as is currently
installed. This does not work for "installonly" packages, like
Kernels. reinstall operates on groups, files, provides and
filelists just like the "install" command.
downgrade
Will try and downgrade a package from the version currently
installed to the previously highest version (or the specified
version). The depsolver will not necessarily work, but if you
specify all the packages it should work (and thus. all the
simple cases will work). Also this does not work for
"installonly" packages, like Kernels. downgrade operates on
groups, files, provides, filelists and rpm files just like the
"install" command.
deplist
Produces a list of all dependencies and what packages provide
those dependencies for the given packages. As of 3.2.30 it now
just shows the latest version of each package that matches (this
can be changed by using --showduplicates) and it only shows the
newest providers (which can be changed by using --verbose).
repolist
Produces a list of configured repositories. The default is to
list all enabled repositories. If you pass -v, for verbose mode,
more information is listed. If the first argument is 'enabled',
'disabled' or 'all' then the command will list those types of
repos.
You can pass repo id or name arguments, or wildcards which to
match against both of those. However if the id or name matches
exactly then the repo will be listed even if you are listing
enabled repos. and it is disabled.
In non-verbose mode the first column will start with a '*' if
the repo. has metalink data and the latest metadata is not
local. For non-verbose mode the last column will also display
the number of packages in the repo. and (if there are any user
specified excludes) the number of packages excluded.
One last special feature of repolist, is that if you are in non-
verbose mode then yum will ignore any repo errors and output the
information it can get (Eg. "yum clean all; yum -C repolist"
will output something, although the package counts/etc. will be
zeroed out).
version
Produces a "version" of the rpmdb, and of the enabled
repositories if "all" is given as the first argument. You can
also specify version groups in the version-groups config. file.
If you pass -v, for verbose mode, more information is listed.
The version is calculated by taking a sha1 hash of the packages
(in sorted order), and the checksum_type/checksum_data entries
from the yumdb. Note that this rpmdb version is now also used
significantly within yum (esp. in yum history).
The version command will now show "groups" of packages as a
separate version, and so takes sub-commands:
"version grouplist" - List the defined version groups.
"version groupinfo" - Get the complete list of packages within
one or more version groups.
"version installed" - This is the default, only show the version
information for installed packages.
"version available" - Only show the version information for
available packages.
"version all" - Show the version information for installed and
available packages.
"version nogroups | nogroups-*" - Just show the main version
information.
"version group-*" - Just show the grouped version information,
if more arguments are given then only show the data for those
groups.
history
The history command allows the user to view what has happened in
past transactions (assuming the history_record config. option is
set). You can use info/list/packages-list/summary to view what
happened, undo/redo/rollback to act on that information and new
to start a new history file.
The info/list/summary commands take either a transaction id or a
package (with wildcards, as in Specifying package names), all
three can also be passed no arguments. list can be passed the
keyword "all" to list all the transactions.
The packages-list command takes a package (with wildcards, as
in Specifying package names).
The undo/redo/rollback commands take either a single transaction
id or the keyword last and an offset from the last transaction
(Eg. if you've done 250 transactions, "last" refers to
transaction 250, and "last-4" refers to transaction 246).
The undo/redo commands act on the specified transaction,
undo'ing or repeating the work of that transaction. While the
rollback command will undo all transactions upto the point of
the specified transaction. For example, if you have 3
transactions, where package A; B and C where installed
respectively. Then "undo 1" will try to remove pacakge A, "redo
1" will try to install package A (if it is not still installed),
and "rollback 1" will try to remove packages B and C. Note that
after a "rollback 1" you will have a fourth transaction,
although the ending rpmdb version (see: yum version) should be
the same in transactions 1 and 4.
The addon-info command takes a transaction ID, and the packages-
list command takes a package (with wildcards).
In "history list" you can change the behaviour of the 2nd column
via. the configuration option history_list_view.
In "history list" output the Altered column also gives some
extra information if there was something not good with the
transaction (this is also shown at the end of the package column
in the packages-list command).
> - The rpmdb was changed, outside yum, after the transaction.
< - The rpmdb was changed, outside yum, before the transaction.
* - The transaction aborted before completion.
# - The transaction completed, but with a non-zero status.
E - The transaction completed fine, but had warning/error output
during the transaction.
P - The transaction completed fine, but problems already existed
in the rpmdb.
s - The transaction completed fine, but --skip-broken was
enabled and had to skip some packages.
check Checks the local rpmdb and produces information on any problems
it finds. You can pass the check command the arguments
"dependencies" or "duplicates", to limit the checking that is
performed (the default is "all" which does both).
The info command can also take ranges of transaction ids, of the
form start..end, which will then display a merged history as if
all the transactions in the range had happened at once.
Eg. "history info 1..4" will merge the first four transactions
and display them as a single transaction.
help Produces help, either for all commands or if given a command
name then the help for that particular command.
GENERAL OPTIONS
Most command line options can be set using the configuration file as
well and the descriptions indicate the necessary configuration option
to set.
-h, --help
Help; display a help message and then quit.
-y, --assumeyes
Assume yes; assume that the answer to any question which would
be asked is yes.
Configuration Option: assumeyes
-c, --config=[config file]
Specifies the config file location - can take HTTP and FTP URLs
and local file paths.
-q, --quiet
Run without output. Note that you likely also want to use -y.
-v, --verbose
Run with a lot of debugging output.
-d, --debuglevel=[number]
Sets the debugging level to [number] - turns up or down the
amount of things that are printed. Practical range: 0 - 10
Configuration Option: debuglevel
-e, --errorlevel=[number]
Sets the error level to [number] Practical range 0 - 10. 0 means
print only critical errors about which you must be told. 1 means
print all errors, even ones that are not overly important. 1+
means print more errors (if any) -e 0 is good for cron jobs.
Configuration Option: errorlevel
--rpmverbosity=[name]
Sets the debug level to [name] for rpm scriplets. 'info' is the
default, other options are: 'critical', 'emergency', 'error',
'warn' and 'debug'.
Configuration Option: rpmverbosity
-R, --randomwait=[time in minutes]
Sets the maximum amount of time yum will wait before performing
a command - it randomizes over the time.
-C, --cacheonly
Tells yum to run entirely from system cache - does not download
or update any headers unless it has to to perform the requested
action. If you're using this as a user yum will not use the
tempcache for the user but will only use the system cache in the
system cachedir.
--version
Reports the yum version number and installed package versions
for everything in history_record_packages (can be added to by
plugins).
--showduplicates
Doesn't limit packages to their latest versions in the info,
list and search commands (will also affect plugins which use the
doPackageLists() API).
--installroot=root
Specifies an alternative installroot, relative to which all
packages will be installed. Think of this like doing "chroot
<root> yum" except using --installroot allows yum to work before
the chroot is created. Note: You may also want to use the
option --releasever=/ when creating the installroot as otherwise
the $releasever value is taken from the rpmdb within the
installroot (and thus. will be empty, before creation).
Configuration Option: installroot
--enablerepo=repoidglob
Enables specific repositories by id or glob that have been
disabled in the configuration file using the enabled=0 option.
Configuration Option: enabled
--disablerepo=repoidglob
Disables specific repositories by id or glob.
Configuration Option: enabled
--obsoletes
This option only has affect for an update, it enables yums
obsoletes processing logic. For more information see the update
command above.
Configuration Option: obsoletes
-x, --exclude=package
Exclude a specific package by name or glob from updates on all
repositories. Configuration Option: exclude
--color=[always|auto|never]
Display colorized output automatically, depending on the output
terminal, always (using ANSI codes) or never. Note that some
commands (Eg. list and info) will do a little extra work when
color is enabled. Configuration Option: color
--disableexcludes=[all|main|repoid]
Disable the excludes defined in your config files. Takes one of
three options:
all == disable all excludes
main == disable excludes defined in [main] in yum.conf
repoid == disable excludes defined for that repo
--disableplugin=plugin
Run with one or more plugins disabled, the argument is a comma
separated list of wildcards to match against plugin names.
--noplugins
Run with all plugins disabled.
Configuration Option: plugins
--nogpgcheck
Run with GPG signature checking disabled.
Configuration Option: gpgcheck
--skip-broken
Resolve depsolve problems by removing packages that are causing
problems from the transaction.
Configuration Option: skip_broken
--releasever=version
Pretend the current release version is the given string. This is
very useful when combined with --installroot. You can also use
--releasever=/ to take the releasever information from outside
the installroot. Note that with the default upstream cachedir,
of /var/cache/yum, using this option will corrupt your cache
(and you can use $releasever in your cachedir configuration to
stop this).
-t, --tolerant
This option currently does nothing.
--setopt=option=value
Set any config option in yum config or repo files. For options
in the global config just use: --setopt=option=value for repo
options use: --setopt=repoid.option=value
LIST OPTIONS
The following are the ways which you can invoke yum in list mode. Note
that all list commands include information on the version of the
package.
OUTPUT
The format of the output of yum list is:
name.arch [epoch:]version-release repo or @installed-from-repo
yum list [all | glob_exp1] [glob_exp2] [...]
List all available and installed packages.
yum list available [glob_exp1] [...]
List all packages in the yum repositories available to be
installed.
yum list updates [glob_exp1] [...]
List all packages with updates available in the yum
repositories.
yum list installed [glob_exp1] [...]
List the packages specified by args. If an argument does not
match the name of an available package, it is assumed to be a
shell-style glob and any matches are printed.
yum list extras [glob_exp1] [...]
List the packages installed on the system that are not available
in any yum repository listed in the config file.
yum list obsoletes [glob_exp1] [...]
List the packages installed on the system that are obsoleted by
packages in any yum repository listed in the config file.
yum list recent
List packages recently added into the repositories. This is
often not helpful, but what you may really want to use is "yum
list-updateinfo new" from the security yum plugin.
SPECIFYING PACKAGE NAMES
A package can be referred to for install, update, remove, list, info
etc with any of the following as well as globs of any of the following:
name
name.arch
name-ver
name-ver-rel
name-ver-rel.arch
name-epoch:ver-rel.arch
epoch:name-ver-rel.arch
For example: yum remove kernel-2.4.1-10.i686
this will remove this specific kernel-ver-rel.arch.
Or: yum list available 'foo*'
will list all available packages that match 'foo*'. (The
single quotes will keep your shell from expanding the globs.)
CLEAN OPTIONS
The following are the ways which you can invoke yum in clean mode. Note
that "all files" in the commands below means "all files in currently
enabled repositories". If you want to also clean any (temporarily)
disabled repositories you need to use --enablerepo='*' option.
yum clean expire-cache
Eliminate the local data saying when the metadata and
mirrorlists were downloaded for each repo. This means yum will
revalidate the cache for each repo. next time it is used.
However if the cache is still valid, nothing significant was
deleted.
yum clean packages
Eliminate any cached packages from the system. Note that
packages are not automatically deleted after they are
downloaded.
yum clean headers
Eliminate all of the header files, which old versions of yum
used for dependency resolution.
yum clean metadata
Eliminate all of the files which yum uses to determine the
remote availability of packages. Using this option will force
yum to download all the metadata the next time it is run.
yum clean dbcache
Eliminate the sqlite cache used for faster access to metadata.
Using this option will force yum to download the sqlite metadata
the next time it is run, or recreate the sqlite metadata if
using an older repo.
yum clean rpmdb
Eliminate any cached data from the local rpmdb.
yum clean plugins
Tell any enabled plugins to eliminate their cached data.
yum clean all
Does all of the above.
PLUGINS
Yum can be extended through the use of plugins. A plugin is a Python
".py" file which is installed in one of the directories specified by
the pluginpath option in yum.conf. For a plugin to work, the following
conditions must be met:
1. The plugin module file must be installed in the plugin path as just
described.
2. The global plugins option in /etc/yum/yum.conf must be set to `1'.
3. A configuration file for the plugin must exist in
/etc/yum/pluginconf.d/<plugin_name>.conf and the enabled setting in
this file must set to `1'. The minimal content for such a configuration
file is:
[main]
enabled = 1
See the yum.conf(5) man page for more information on plugin related
configuration options.
FILES
/etc/yum/yum.conf /etc/yum/version-groups.conf /etc/yum/repos.d/ /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/ /var/cache/yum/
SEE ALSO
pkcon (1) yum.conf (5) yum-updatesd (8) package-cleanup (1) repoquery (1) yum-complete-transaction (1) yumdownloader (1) yum-utils (1) yum-security (8) http://yum.baseurl.org/ http://yum.baseurl.org/wiki/Faq yum search yum
AUTHORS
See the Authors file included with this program.
BUGS
There of course aren't any bugs, but if you find any, you should first consult the FAQ mentioned above and then email the mailing list: [email protected] or filed in bugzilla.
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