Free Knowledge Resources


Linux Manual Pages


Free Software * Books

Source Code

Free Media

Linux

setregid32(2)


NAME

   setreuid, setregid - set real and/or effective user or group ID

SYNOPSIS

   #include <sys/types.h>
   #include <unistd.h>

   int setreuid(uid_t ruid, uid_t euid);
   int setregid(gid_t rgid, gid_t egid);

   Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):

   setreuid(), setregid():
       _XOPEN_SOURCE >= 500
           || /* Since glibc 2.19: */ _DEFAULT_SOURCE
           || /* Glibc versions <= 2.19: */ _BSD_SOURCE

DESCRIPTION

   setreuid() sets real and effective user IDs of the calling process.

   Supplying a value of -1 for either the real or effective user ID forces
   the system to leave that ID unchanged.

   Unprivileged processes may only set the effective user ID to  the  real
   user ID, the effective user ID, or the saved set-user-ID.

   Unprivileged users may only set the real user ID to the real user ID or
   the effective user ID.

   If the real user ID is set (i.e., ruid is not -1) or the effective user
   ID  is set to a value not equal to the previous real user ID, the saved
   set-user-ID will be set to the new effective user ID.

   Completely analogously, setregid() sets real and effective  group  ID's
   of the calling process, and all of the above holds with "group" instead
   of "user".

RETURN VALUE

   On success, zero is returned.  On error, -1 is returned, and  errno  is
   set appropriately.

   Note: there are cases where setreuid() can fail even when the caller is
   UID 0; it is a grave security error to  omit  checking  for  a  failure
   return from setreuid().

ERRORS

   EAGAIN The call would change the caller's real UID (i.e., ruid does not
          match the caller's real UID), but there was a temporary  failure
          allocating the necessary kernel data structures.

   EAGAIN ruid  does  not  match the caller's real UID and this call would
          bring the number of processes belonging to the real user ID ruid
          over the caller's RLIMIT_NPROC resource limit.  Since Linux 3.1,
          this error case no longer occurs (but robust applications should
          check  for  this  error);  see  the  description  of  EAGAIN  in
          execve(2).

   EINVAL One or more of the target user or group IDs is not valid in this
          user namespace.

   EPERM  The  calling  process is not privileged (on Linux, does not have
          the necessary capability in its user  namespace:  CAP_SETUID  in
          the case of setreuid(), or CAP_SETGID in the case of setregid())
          and a change other than (i) swapping the effective user  (group)
          ID  with  the  real  user (group) ID, or (ii) setting one to the
          value of the other or (iii) setting the effective  user  (group)
          ID  to  the  value of the saved set-user-ID (saved set-group-ID)
          was specified.

CONFORMING TO

   POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, 4.3BSD  (setreuid()  and  setregid()  first
   appeared in 4.2BSD).

NOTES

   Setting  the  effective user (group) ID to the saved set-user-ID (saved
   set-group-ID) is possible since Linux 1.1.37 (1.1.38).

   POSIX.1 does not specify all of the UID changes that Linux permits  for
   an  unprivileged process.  For setreuid(), the effective user ID can be
   made the same as the real user ID or the saved set-user-ID, and  it  is
   unspecified  whether unprivileged processes may set the real user ID to
   the real user ID, the effective user ID, or the saved set-user-ID.  For
   setregid(),  the real group ID can be changed to the value of the saved
   set-group-ID, and the effective group ID can be changed to the value of
   the  real  group  ID or the saved set-group-ID.  The precise details of
   what ID changes are permitted vary across implementations.

   POSIX.1 makes no specification about the effect of these calls  on  the
   saved set-user-ID and saved set-group-ID.

   The  original  Linux  setreuid()  and setregid() system calls supported
   only  16-bit  user  and  group  IDs.   Subsequently,  Linux  2.4  added
   setreuid32()  and  setregid32(),  supporting  32-bit  IDs.   The  glibc
   setreuid() and setregid() wrapper functions transparently deal with the
   variations across kernel versions.

   C library/kernel differences
   At the kernel level, user IDs and group IDs are a per-thread attribute.
   However, POSIX requires that all threads in a process  share  the  same
   credentials.   The  NPTL  threading  implementation  handles  the POSIX
   requirements by providing wrapper  functions  for  the  various  system
   calls  that  change  process  UIDs  and  GIDs.  These wrapper functions
   (including those for setreuid() and setregid()) employ  a  signal-based
   technique  to  ensure  that when one thread changes credentials, all of
   the other threads in the process also change  their  credentials.   For
   details, see nptl(7).

SEE ALSO

   getgid(2),  getuid(2),  seteuid(2), setgid(2), setresuid(2), setuid(2),
   capabilities(7), credentials(7), user_namespaces(7)

COLOPHON

   This page is part of release 4.09 of the Linux  man-pages  project.   A
   description  of  the project, information about reporting bugs, and the
   latest    version    of    this    page,    can     be     found     at
   https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.



Opportunity


Personal Opportunity - Free software gives you access to billions of dollars of software at no cost. Use this software for your business, personal use or to develop a profitable skill. Access to source code provides access to a level of capabilities/information that companies protect though copyrights. Open source is a core component of the Internet and it is available to you. Leverage the billions of dollars in resources and capabilities to build a career, establish a business or change the world. The potential is endless for those who understand the opportunity.

Business Opportunity - Goldman Sachs, IBM and countless large corporations are leveraging open source to reduce costs, develop products and increase their bottom lines. Learn what these companies know about open source and how open source can give you the advantage.



Free Software


Free Software provides computer programs and capabilities at no cost but more importantly, it provides the freedom to run, edit, contribute to, and share the software. The importance of free software is a matter of access, not price. Software at no cost is a benefit but ownership rights to the software and source code is far more significant.

Free Office Software - The Libre Office suite provides top desktop productivity tools for free. This includes, a word processor, spreadsheet, presentation engine, drawing and flowcharting, database and math applications. Libre Office is available for Linux or Windows.



Free Books


The Free Books Library is a collection of thousands of the most popular public domain books in an online readable format. The collection includes great classical literature and more recent works where the U.S. copyright has expired. These books are yours to read and use without restrictions.

Source Code - Want to change a program or know how it works? Open Source provides the source code for its programs so that anyone can use, modify or learn how to write those programs themselves. Visit the GNU source code repositories to download the source.



Education


Study at Harvard, Stanford or MIT - Open edX provides free online courses from Harvard, MIT, Columbia, UC Berkeley and other top Universities. Hundreds of courses for almost all major subjects and course levels. Open edx also offers some paid courses and selected certifications.

Linux Manual Pages - A man or manual page is a form of software documentation found on Linux/Unix operating systems. Topics covered include computer programs (including library and system calls), formal standards and conventions, and even abstract concepts.


birds banner