rpc.sm-notify(8)
NAME
sm-notify - send reboot notifications to NFS peers
SYNOPSIS
/usr/sbin/sm-notify [-dfn] [-m minutes] [-v name] [-p notify-port] [-P path]
DESCRIPTION
File locks are not part of persistent file system state. Lock state is
thus lost when a host reboots.
Network file systems must also detect when lock state is lost because a
remote host has rebooted. After an NFS client reboots, an NFS server
must release all file locks held by applications that were running on
that client. After a server reboots, a client must remind the server
of file locks held by applications running on that client.
For NFS version 2 and version 3, the Network Status Monitor protocol
(or NSM for short) is used to notify NFS peers of reboots. On Linux,
two separate user-space components constitute the NSM service:
sm-notify
A helper program that notifies NFS peers after the local system
reboots
rpc.statd
A daemon that listens for reboot notifications from other hosts,
and manages the list of hosts to be notified when the local
system reboots
The local NFS lock manager alerts its local rpc.statd of each remote
peer that should be monitored. When the local system reboots, the sm-
notify command notifies the NSM service on monitored peers of the
reboot. When a remote reboots, that peer notifies the local rpc.statd,
which in turn passes the reboot notification back to the local NFS lock
manager.
NSM OPERATION IN DETAIL
The first file locking interaction between an NFS client and server causes the NFS lock managers on both peers to contact their local NSM service to store information about the opposite peer. On Linux, the local lock manager contacts rpc.statd. rpc.statd records information about each monitored NFS peer on persistent storage. This information describes how to contact a remote peer in case the local system reboots, how to recognize which monitored peer is reporting a reboot, and how to notify the local lock manager when a monitored peer indicates it has rebooted. An NFS client sends a hostname, known as the client's caller_name, in each file lock request. An NFS server can use this hostname to send asynchronous GRANT calls to a client, or to notify the client it has rebooted. The Linux NFS server can provide the client's caller_name or the client's network address to rpc.statd. For the purposes of the NSM protocol, this name or address is known as the monitored peer's mon_name. In addition, the local lock manager tells rpc.statd what it thinks its own hostname is. For the purposes of the NSM protocol, this hostname is known as my_name. There is no equivalent interaction between an NFS server and a client to inform the client of the server's caller_name. Therefore NFS clients do not actually know what mon_name an NFS server might use in an SM_NOTIFY request. The Linux NFS client records the server's hostname used on the mount command to identify rebooting NFS servers. Reboot notification When the local system reboots, the sm-notify command reads the list of monitored peers from persistent storage and sends an SM_NOTIFY request to the NSM service on each listed remote peer. It uses the mon_name string as the destination. To identify which host has rebooted, the sm-notify command normally sends my_name string recorded when that remote was monitored. The remote rpc.statd matches incoming SM_NOTIFY requests using this string, or the caller's network address, to one or more peers on its own monitor list. If rpc.statd does not find a peer on its monitor list that matches an incoming SM_NOTIFY request, the notification is not forwarded to the local lock manager. In addition, each peer has its own NSM state number, a 32-bit integer that is bumped after each reboot by the sm- notify command. rpc.statd uses this number to distinguish between actual reboots and replayed notifications. Part of NFS lock recovery is rediscovering which peers need to be monitored again. The sm-notify command clears the monitor list on persistent storage after each reboot.
OPTIONS
-d Keeps sm-notify attached to its controlling terminal and running
in the foreground so that notification progress may be monitored
directly.
-f Send notifications even if sm-notify has already run since the
last system reboot.
-m retry-time
Specifies the length of time, in minutes, to continue retrying
notifications to unresponsive hosts. If this option is not
specified, sm-notify attempts to send notifications for 15
minutes. Specifying a value of 0 causes sm-notify to continue
sending notifications to unresponsive peers until it is manually
killed.
Notifications are retried if sending fails, the remote does not
respond, the remote's NSM service is not registered, or if there
is a DNS failure which prevents the remote's mon_name from being
resolved to an address.
Hosts are not removed from the notification list until a valid
reply has been received. However, the SM_NOTIFY procedure has a
void result. There is no way for sm-notify to tell if the
remote recognized the sender and has started appropriate lock
recovery.
-n Prevents sm-notify from updating the local system's NSM state
number.
-p port
Specifies the source port number sm-notify should use when
sending reboot notifications. If this option is not specified,
a randomly chosen ephemeral port is used.
This option can be used to traverse a firewall between client
and server.
-P, --state-directory-path pathname
Specifies the pathname of the parent directory where NSM state
information resides. If this option is not specified, sm-notify
uses /var/lib/nfs by default.
After starting, sm-notify attempts to set its effective UID and
GID to the owner and group of this directory.
-v ipaddr | hostname
Specifies the network address from which to send reboot
notifications, and the mon_name argument to use when sending
SM_NOTIFY requests. If this option is not specified, sm-notify
uses a wildcard address as the transport bind address, and uses
the my_name recorded when the remote was monitored as the
mon_name argument when sending SM_NOTIFY requests.
The ipaddr form can be expressed as either an IPv4 or an IPv6
presentation address. If the ipaddr form is used, the sm-notify
command converts this address to a hostname for use as the
mon_name argument when sending SM_NOTIFY requests.
This option can be useful in multi-homed configurations where
the remote requires notification from a specific network
address.
SECURITY
The sm-notify command must be started as root to acquire privileges needed to access the state information database. It drops root privileges as soon as it starts up to reduce the risk of a privilege escalation attack. During normal operation, the effective user ID it chooses is the owner of the state directory. This allows it to continue to access files in that directory after it has dropped its root privileges. To control which user ID rpc.statd chooses, simply use chown(1) to set the owner of the state directory.
ADDITIONAL NOTES
Lock recovery after a reboot is critical to maintaining data integrity
and preventing unnecessary application hangs.
To help rpc.statd match SM_NOTIFY requests to NLM requests, a number of
best practices should be observed, including:
The UTS nodename of your systems should match the DNS names that
NFS peers use to contact them
The UTS nodenames of your systems should always be fully
qualified domain names
The forward and reverse DNS mapping of the UTS nodenames should
be consistent
The hostname the client uses to mount the server should match
the server's mon_name in SM_NOTIFY requests it sends
Unmounting an NFS file system does not necessarily stop either the NFS
client or server from monitoring each other. Both may continue
monitoring each other for a time in case subsequent NFS traffic between
the two results in fresh mounts and additional file locking.
On Linux, if the lockd kernel module is unloaded during normal
operation, all remote NFS peers are unmonitored. This can happen on an
NFS client, for example, if an automounter removes all NFS mount points
due to inactivity.
IPv6 and TI-RPC support
TI-RPC is a pre-requisite for supporting NFS on IPv6. If TI-RPC
support is built into the sm-notify command ,it will choose an
appropriate IPv4 or IPv6 transport based on the network address
returned by DNS for each remote peer. It should be fully compatible
with remote systems that do not support TI-RPC or IPv6.
Currently, the sm-notify command supports sending notification only via
datagram transport protocols.
FILES
/var/lib/nfs/sm directory containing monitor list
/var/lib/nfs/sm.bak directory containing notify list
/var/lib/nfs/state NSM state number for this host
/proc/sys/fs/nfs/nsm_local_state
kernel's copy of the NSM state number
SEE ALSO
rpc.statd(8), nfs(5), uname(2), hostname(7) RFC 1094 - "NFS: Network File System Protocol Specification" RFC 1813 - "NFS Version 3 Protocol Specification" OpenGroup Protocols for Interworking: XNFS, Version 3W - Chapter 11
AUTHORS
Olaf Kirch <okir@suse.de>
Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
1 November 2009 SM-NOTIFY(8)
Opportunity
Personal Opportunity - Free software gives you access to billions of dollars of software at no cost. Use this software for your business, personal use or to develop a profitable skill. Access to source code provides access to a level of capabilities/information that companies protect though copyrights. Open source is a core component of the Internet and it is available to you. Leverage the billions of dollars in resources and capabilities to build a career, establish a business or change the world. The potential is endless for those who understand the opportunity.
Business Opportunity - Goldman Sachs, IBM and countless large corporations are leveraging open source to reduce costs, develop products and increase their bottom lines. Learn what these companies know about open source and how open source can give you the advantage.
Free Software
Free Software provides computer programs and capabilities at no cost but more importantly, it provides the freedom to run, edit, contribute to, and share the software. The importance of free software is a matter of access, not price. Software at no cost is a benefit but ownership rights to the software and source code is far more significant.
Free Office Software - The Libre Office suite provides top desktop productivity tools for free. This includes, a word processor, spreadsheet, presentation engine, drawing and flowcharting, database and math applications. Libre Office is available for Linux or Windows.
Free Books
The Free Books Library is a collection of thousands of the most popular public domain books in an online readable format. The collection includes great classical literature and more recent works where the U.S. copyright has expired. These books are yours to read and use without restrictions.
Source Code - Want to change a program or know how it works? Open Source provides the source code for its programs so that anyone can use, modify or learn how to write those programs themselves. Visit the GNU source code repositories to download the source.
Education
Study at Harvard, Stanford or MIT - Open edX provides free online courses from Harvard, MIT, Columbia, UC Berkeley and other top Universities. Hundreds of courses for almost all major subjects and course levels. Open edx also offers some paid courses and selected certifications.
Linux Manual Pages - A man or manual page is a form of software documentation found on Linux/Unix operating systems. Topics covered include computer programs (including library and system calls), formal standards and conventions, and even abstract concepts.
