htop(1)
NAME
htop - interactive process viewer
SYNOPSIS
htop [-dChusv]
DESCRIPTION
Htop is a free (GPL) ncurses-based process viewer for Linux. It is similar to top, but allows you to scroll vertically and horizontally, so you can see all the processes running on the system, along with their full command lines, as well as viewing them as a process tree, selecting multiple processes and acting on them all at once. Tasks related to processes (killing, renicing) can be done without entering their PIDs.
COMMAND-LINE OPTIONS
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options
too.
-d --delay=DELAY
Delay between updates, in tenths of seconds
-C --no-color --no-colour
Start htop in monochrome mode
-h --help
Display a help message and exit
-p --pid=PID,PID...
Show only the given PIDs
-s --sort-key COLUMN
Sort by this column (use --sort-key help for a column list)
-u --user=USERNAME
Show only the processes of a given user
-v --version
Output version information and exit
INTERACTIVE COMMANDS
The following commands are supported while in htop:
Up, Alt-k
Select (hightlight) the previous process in the process list.
Scroll the list if necessary.
Down, Alt-j
Select (hightlight) the next process in the process list. Scroll
the list if necessary.
Left, Alt-h
Scroll the process list left.
Right, Alt-l
Scroll the process list right.
PgUp, PgDn
Scroll the process list up or down one window.
Home Scroll to the top of the process list and select the first
process.
End Scroll to the bottom of the process list and select the last
process.
Ctrl-A, ^
Scroll left to the beginning of the process entry (i.e. beginning
of line).
Ctrl-E, $
Scroll right to the end of the process entry (i.e. end of line).
Space
Tag or untag a process. Commands that can operate on multiple
processes, like "kill", will then apply over the list of tagged
processes, instead of the currently highlighted one.
U Untag all processes (remove all tags added with the Space key).
s Trace process system calls: if strace(1) is installed, pressing
this key will attach it to the currently selected process,
presenting a live update of system calls issued by the process.
l Display open files for a process: if lsof(1) is installed,
pressing this key will display the list of file descriptors opened
by the process.
F1, h, ?
Go to the help screen
F2, S
Go to the setup screen, where you can configure the meters
displayed at the top of the screen, set various display options,
choose among color schemes, and select which columns are
displayed, in which order.
F3, /
Incrementally search the command lines of all the displayed
processes. The currently selected (highlighted) command will
update as you type. While in search mode, pressing F3 will cycle
through matching occurrences.
F4, \
Incremental process filtering: type in part of a process command
line and only processes whose names match will be shown. To cancel
filtering, enter the Filter option again and press Esc.
F5, t
Tree view: organize processes by parenthood, and layout the
relations between them as a tree. Toggling the key will switch
between tree and your previously selected sort view. Selecting a
sort view will exit tree view.
F6 On sorted view, select a field for sorting, also accessible
through < and >. The current sort field is indicated by a
highlight in the header. On tree view, expand or collapse the
current subtree. A "+" indicator in the tree node indicates that
it is collapsed.
F7, ]
Increase the selected process's priority (subtract from 'nice'
value). This can only be done by the superuser.
F8, [
Decrease the selected process's priority (add to 'nice' value)
F9, k
"Kill" process: sends a signal which is selected in a menu, to one
or a group of processes. If processes were tagged, sends the
signal to all tagged processes. If none is tagged, sends to the
currently selected process.
F10, q
Quit
I Invert the sort order: if sort order is increasing, switch to
decreasing, and vice-versa.
+, - When in tree view mode, expand or collapse subtree. When a subtree
is collapsed a "+" sign shows to the left of the process name.
a (on multiprocessor machines)
Set CPU affinity: mark which CPUs a process is allowed to use.
u Show only processes owned by a specified user.
M Sort by memory usage (top compatibility key).
P Sort by processor usage (top compatibility key).
T Sort by time (top compatibility key).
F "Follow" process: if the sort order causes the currently selected
process to move in the list, make the selection bar follow it.
This is useful for monitoring a process: this way, you can keep a
process always visible on screen. When a movement key is used,
"follow" loses effect.
K Hide kernel threads: prevent the threads belonging the kernel to
be displayed in the process list. (This is a toggle key.)
H Hide user threads: on systems that represent them differently than
ordinary processes (such as recent NPTL-based systems), this can
hide threads from userspace processes in the process list. (This
is a toggle key.)
p Show full paths to running programs, where applicable. (This is a
toggle key.)
Ctrl-L
Refresh: redraw screen and recalculate values.
Numbers
PID search: type in process ID and the selection highlight will be
moved to it.
COLUMNS
The following columns can display data about each process. A value of
'-' in all the rows indicates that a column is unsupported on your
system, or currently unimplemented in htop. The names below are the
ones used in the "Available Columns" section of the setup screen. If a
different name is shown in htop's main screen, it is shown below in
parenthesis.
Command
The full command line of the process (i.e. program name and
arguments).
PID The process ID.
STATE (S)
The state of the process:
S for sleeping (idle)
R for running
D for disk sleep (uninterruptible)
Z for zombie (waiting for parent to read its exit status)
T for traced or suspended (e.g by SIGTSTP)
W for paging
PPID The parent process ID.
PGRP The process's group ID.
SESSION (SESN)
The process's session ID.
TTY_NR (TTY)
The controlling terminal of the process.
TPGID
The process ID of the foreground process group of the controlling
terminal.
MINFLT
The number of page faults happening in the main memory.
CMINFLT
The number of minor faults for the process's waited-for children
(see MINFLT above).
MAJFLT
The number of page faults happening out of the main memory.
CMAJFLT
The number of major faults for the process's waited-for children
(see MAJFLT above).
UTIME (UTIME+)
The user CPU time, which is the amount of time the process has
spent executing on the CPU in user mode (i.e. everything but
system calls), measured in clock ticks.
STIME (STIME+)
The system CPU time, which is the amount of time the kernel has
spent executing system calls on behalf of the process, measured in
clock ticks.
CUTIME (CUTIME+)
The children's user CPU time, which is the amount of time the
process's waited-for children have spent executing in user mode
(see UTIME above).
CSTIME (CSTIME+)
The children's system CPU time, which is the amount of time the
kernel has spent executing system calls on behalf of all the
process's waited-for children (see STIME above).
PRIORITY (PRI)
The kernel's internal priority for the process, usually just its
nice value plus twenty. Different for real-time processes.
NICE (NI)
The nice value of a process, from 19 (low priority) to -20 (high
priority). A high value means the process is being nice, letting
others have a higher relative priority. The usual OS permission
restrictions for adjusting priority apply.
STARTTIME (START)
The time the process was started.
PROCESSOR (CPU)
The ID of the CPU the process last executed on.
M_SIZE (VIRT)
The size of the virtual memory of the process.
M_RESIDENT (RES)
The resident set size (text + data + stack) of the process (i.e.
the size of the process's used physical memory).
M_SHARE (SHR)
The size of the process's shared pages.
M_TRS (CODE)
The text resident set size of the process (i.e. the size of the
process's executable instructions).
M_DRS (DATA)
The data resident set size (data + stack) of the process (i.e. the
size of anything except the process's executable instructions).
M_LRS (LIB)
The library size of the process.
M_DT (DIRTY)
The size of the dirty pages of the process.
ST_UID (UID)
The user ID of the process owner.
PERCENT_CPU (CPU%)
The percentage of the CPU time that the process is currently
using.
PERCENT_MEM (MEM%)
The percentage of memory the process is currently using (based on
the process's resident memory size, see M_RESIDENT above).
USER The username of the process owner, or the user ID if the name
can't be determined.
TIME (TIME+)
The time, measured in clock ticks that the process has spent in
user and system time (see UTIME, STIME above).
NLWP The number of threads in the process.
TGID The thread group ID.
CTID OpenVZ container ID, a.k.a virtual environment ID.
VPID OpenVZ process ID.
VXID VServer process ID.
RCHAR (RD_CHAR)
The number of bytes the process has read.
WCHAR (WR_CHAR)
The number of bytes the process has written.
SYSCR (RD_SYSC)
The number of read(2) syscalls for the process.
SYSCW (WR_SYSC)
The number of write(2) syscalls for the process.
RBYTES (IO_RBYTES)
Bytes of read(2) I/O for the process.
WBYTES (IO_WBYTES)
Bytes of write(2) I/O for the process.
CNCLWB (IO_CANCEL)
Bytes of cancelled write(2) I/O.
IO_READ_RATE (DISK READ)
The I/O rate of read(2) in bytes per second, for the process.
IO_WRITE_RATE (DISK WRITE)
The I/O rate of write(2) in bytes per second, for the process.
IO_RATE (DISK R/W)
The I/O rate, IO_READ_RATE + IO_WRITE_RATE (see above).
CGROUP
Which cgroup the process is in.
OOM OOM killer score.
IO_PRIORITY (IO)
The I/O scheduling class followed by the priority if the class
supports it:
R for Realtime
B for Best-effort
id for Idle
All other flags
Currently unsupported (always displays '-').
CONFIG FILE
By default htop reads its configuration from the XDG-compliant path ~/.config/htop/htoprc -- the configuration file is overwritten by htop's in-program Setup configuration, so it should not be hand-edited. If no user configuration exists htop tries to read the system-wide configuration from /etc/htoprc and as a last resort, falls back to its hard coded defaults. You may override the location of the configuration file using the $HTOPRC environment variable (so you can have multiple configurations for different machines that share the same home directory, for example).
MEMORY SIZES
Memory sizes in htop are displayed as they are in tools from the GNU Coreutils (when ran with the --human-readable option). This means that sizes are printed in powers of 1024. (e.g., 1023M = 1072693248 Bytes) The decision to use this convention was made in order to conserve screen space and make memory size representations consistent throughout htop.
SEE ALSO
proc(5), top(1), free(1), ps(1), uptime(1), limits.conf(5)
AUTHORS
htop is developed by Hisham Muhammad <[email protected]>. This man page was written by Bartosz Fenski <[email protected]> for the Debian GNU/Linux distribution (but it may be used by others). It was updated by Hisham Muhammad, and later by Vincent Launchbury, who wrote the 'Columns' section.
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