git-for-each-ref(1)
NAME
git-for-each-ref - Output information on each ref
SYNOPSIS
git for-each-ref [--count=<count>] [--shell|--perl|--python|--tcl]
[(--sort=<key>)...] [--format=<format>] [<pattern>...]
[--points-at <object>] [(--merged | --no-merged) [<object>]]
[--contains [<object>]]
DESCRIPTION
Iterate over all refs that match <pattern> and show them according to the given <format>, after sorting them according to the given set of <key>. If <count> is given, stop after showing that many refs. The interpolated values in <format> can optionally be quoted as string literals in the specified host language allowing their direct evaluation in that language.
OPTIONS
<count>
By default the command shows all refs that match <pattern>. This
option makes it stop after showing that many refs.
<key>
A field name to sort on. Prefix - to sort in descending order of
the value. When unspecified, refname is used. You may use the
--sort=<key> option multiple times, in which case the last key
becomes the primary key.
<format>
A string that interpolates %(fieldname) from the object pointed at
by a ref being shown. If fieldname is prefixed with an asterisk (*)
and the ref points at a tag object, the value for the field in the
object tag refers is used. When unspecified, defaults to
%(objectname) SPC %(objecttype) TAB %(refname). It also
interpolates %% to %, and %xx where xx are hex digits interpolates
to character with hex code xx; for example %00 interpolates to \0
(NUL), %09 to \t (TAB) and %0a to \n (LF).
<pattern>...
If one or more patterns are given, only refs are shown that match
against at least one pattern, either using fnmatch(3) or literally,
in the latter case matching completely or from the beginning up to
a slash.
--shell, --perl, --python, --tcl
If given, strings that substitute %(fieldname) placeholders are
quoted as string literals suitable for the specified host language.
This is meant to produce a scriptlet that can directly be `eval`ed.
--points-at <object>
Only list refs which points at the given object.
--merged [<object>]
Only list refs whose tips are reachable from the specified commit
(HEAD if not specified).
--no-merged [<object>]
Only list refs whose tips are not reachable from the specified
commit (HEAD if not specified).
--contains [<object>]
Only list refs which contain the specified commit (HEAD if not
specified).
FIELD NAMES
Various values from structured fields in referenced objects can be used
to interpolate into the resulting output, or as sort keys.
For all objects, the following names can be used:
refname
The name of the ref (the part after $GIT_DIR/). For a non-ambiguous
short name of the ref append :short. The option
core.warnAmbiguousRefs is used to select the strict abbreviation
mode. If strip=<N> is appended, strips <N> slash-separated path
components from the front of the refname (e.g., %(refname:strip=2)
turns refs/tags/foo into foo. <N> must be a positive integer. If a
displayed ref has fewer components than <N>, the command aborts
with an error.
objecttype
The type of the object (blob, tree, commit, tag).
objectsize
The size of the object (the same as git cat-file -s reports).
objectname
The object name (aka SHA-1). For a non-ambiguous abbreviation of
the object name append :short.
upstream
The name of a local ref which can be considered "upstream" from the
displayed ref. Respects :short in the same way as refname above.
Additionally respects :track to show "[ahead N, behind M]" and
:trackshort to show the terse version: ">" (ahead), "<" (behind),
"<>" (ahead and behind), or "=" (in sync). Has no effect if the ref
does not have tracking information associated with it.
push
The name of a local ref which represents the @{push} location for
the displayed ref. Respects :short, :track, and :trackshort options
as upstream does. Produces an empty string if no @{push} ref is
configured.
HEAD
* if HEAD matches current ref (the checked out branch), ' '
otherwise.
color
Change output color. Followed by :<colorname>, where names are
described in color.branch.*.
align
Left-, middle-, or right-align the content between %(align:...) and
%(end). The "align:" is followed by width=<width> and
position=<position> in any order separated by a comma, where the
<position> is either left, right or middle, default being left and
<width> is the total length of the content with alignment. For
brevity, the "width=" and/or "position=" prefixes may be omitted,
and bare <width> and <position> used instead. For instance,
%(align:<width>,<position>). If the contents length is more than
the width then no alignment is performed. If used with --quote
everything in between %(align:...) and %(end) is quoted, but if
nested then only the topmost level performs quoting.
In addition to the above, for commit and tag objects, the header field
names (tree, parent, object, type, and tag) can be used to specify the
value in the header field.
For commit and tag objects, the special creatordate and creator fields
will correspond to the appropriate date or name-email-date tuple from
the committer or tagger fields depending on the object type. These are
intended for working on a mix of annotated and lightweight tags.
Fields that have name-email-date tuple as its value (author, committer,
and tagger) can be suffixed with name, email, and date to extract the
named component.
The complete message in a commit and tag object is contents. Its first
line is contents:subject, where subject is the concatenation of all
lines of the commit message up to the first blank line. The next line
is contents:body, where body is all of the lines after the first blank
line. The optional GPG signature is contents:signature. The first N
lines of the message is obtained using contents:lines=N.
For sorting purposes, fields with numeric values sort in numeric order
(objectsize, authordate, committerdate, creatordate, taggerdate). All
other fields are used to sort in their byte-value order.
There is also an option to sort by versions, this can be done by using
the fieldname version:refname or its alias v:refname.
In any case, a field name that refers to a field inapplicable to the
object referred by the ref does not cause an error. It returns an empty
string instead.
As a special case for the date-type fields, you may specify a format
for the date by adding : followed by date format name (see the values
the --date option to git-rev-list(1) takes).
EXAMPLES
An example directly producing formatted text. Show the most recent 3
tagged commits:
#!/bin/sh
git for-each-ref --count=3 --sort='-*authordate' \
--format='From: %(*authorname) %(*authoremail)
Subject: %(*subject)
Date: %(*authordate)
Ref: %(*refname)
%(*body)
' 'refs/tags'
A simple example showing the use of shell eval on the output,
demonstrating the use of --shell. List the prefixes of all heads:
#!/bin/sh
git for-each-ref --shell --format="ref=%(refname)" refs/heads | \
while read entry
do
eval "$entry"
echo `dirname $ref`
done
A bit more elaborate report on tags, demonstrating that the format may
be an entire script:
#!/bin/sh
fmt='
r=%(refname)
t=%(*objecttype)
T=${r#refs/tags/}
o=%(*objectname)
n=%(*authorname)
e=%(*authoremail)
s=%(*subject)
d=%(*authordate)
b=%(*body)
kind=Tag
if test "z$t" = z
then
# could be a lightweight tag
t=%(objecttype)
kind="Lightweight tag"
o=%(objectname)
n=%(authorname)
e=%(authoremail)
s=%(subject)
d=%(authordate)
b=%(body)
fi
echo "$kind $T points at a $t object $o"
if test "z$t" = zcommit
then
echo "The commit was authored by $n $e
at $d, and titled
$s
Its message reads as:
"
echo "$b" | sed -e "s/^/ /"
echo
fi
'
eval=`git for-each-ref --shell --format="$fmt" \
--sort='*objecttype' \
--sort=-taggerdate \
refs/tags`
eval "$eval"
SEE ALSO
git-show-ref(1)
GIT
Part of the git(1) suite
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