debootstrap(8)
NAME
debootstrap - Bootstrap a basic Debian system
SYNOPSIS
debootstrap [OPTION...] SUITE TARGET [MIRROR [SCRIPT]] debootstrap [OPTION...] --second-stage
DESCRIPTION
debootstrap bootstraps a basic Debian system of SUITE into TARGET from MIRROR by running SCRIPT. MIRROR can be an http:// or https:// URL, a file:/// URL, or an ssh:/// URL. The SUITE may be a release code name (eg, sid, jessie, wheezy) or a symbolic name (eg, unstable, testing, stable, oldstable) Notice that file:/ URLs are translated to file:/// (correct scheme as described in RFC1738 for local filenames), and file:// will not work. ssh://USER@HOST/PATH URLs are retrieved using scp; use of ssh-agent or similar is strongly recommended. Debootstrap can be used to install Debian in a system without using an installation disk but can also be used to run a different Debian flavor in a chroot environment. This way you can create a full (minimal) Debian installation which can be used for testing purposes (see the EXAMPLES section). If you are looking for a chroot system to build packages please take a look at pbuilder.
OPTIONS
--arch=ARCH
Set the target architecture (use if dpkg isn't installed). See
also --foreign.
--include=alpha,beta
Comma separated list of packages which will be added to download
and extract lists.
--exclude=alpha,beta
Comma separated list of packages which will be removed from
download and extract lists. WARNING: you can and probably will
exclude essential packages, be careful using this option.
--components=alpha,beta
Use packages from the listed components of the archive.
--no-resolve-deps
By default, debootstrap will attempt to automatically resolve
any missing dependencies, warning if any are found. Note that
this is not a complete dependency resolve in the sense of dpkg
or apt, and that it is far better to specify the entire base
system than rely on this option. With this option set, this
behaviour is disabled.
--variant=minbase|buildd|fakechroot|scratchbox
Name of the bootstrap script variant to use. Currently, the
variants supported are minbase, which only includes essential
packages and apt; buildd, which installs the build-essential
packages into TARGET; and fakechroot, which installs the
packages without root privileges. Finally there is variant
scratchbox, which is for creating targets for scratchbox usage.
The default, with no --variant=X argument, is to create a base
Debian installation in TARGET.
--keyring=KEYRING
Override the default keyring for the distribution being
bootstrapped, and use KEYRING to check signatures of retrieved
Release files.
--no-check-gpg
Disables checking gpg signatures of retrieved Release files.
--force-check-gpg
Forces checking Release file signatures, disabling automatic
fallback to HTTPS in case of a missing keyring. Incompatible
with the previous option.
--verbose
Produce more info about downloading.
--print-debs
Print the packages to be installed, and exit. Note that a
TARGET directory must be specified so debootstrap can download
Packages files to determine which packages should be installed,
and to resolve dependencies. The TARGET directory will be
deleted unless --keep-debootstrap-dir is specified.
--download-only
Download packages, but don't perform installation.
--foreign
Do the initial unpack phase of bootstrapping only, for example
if the target architecture does not match the host architecture.
A copy of debootstrap sufficient for completing the bootstrap
process will be installed as /debootstrap/debootstrap in the
target filesystem. You can run it with the --second-stage
option to complete the bootstrapping process.
--second-stage
Complete the bootstrapping process. Other arguments are
generally not needed.
--second-stage-target=DIR
Run second stage in a subdirectory instead of root. (can be used
to create a foreign chroot) (requires --second-stage)
--keep-debootstrap-dir
Don't delete the /debootstrap directory in the target after
completing the installation.
--unpack-tarball=FILE
Acquire .debs from tarball FILE instead of downloading via http.
--make-tarball=FILE
Instead of bootstrapping, make a tarball (written to FILE) of
the downloaded packages. The resulting tarball may be passed to
a later --unpack-tarball.
--debian-installer
Used for internal purposes by the debian-installer
--extractor=TYPE
Override automatic .deb extractor selection to TYPE. Supported
extractors are: dpkg-deb and ar.
--no-check-certificate
Do not check certificate against certificate authorities
--certificate=FILE
Use the client certificate stored in file (PEM)
--private-key=FILE
Read the private key from file
EXAMPLES
To setup a wheezy system:
debootstrap wheezy ./wheezy-chroot
http://httpredir.debian.org/debian
debootstrap wheezy ./wheezy-chroot file:///LOCAL_MIRROR/debian
Full process to create a complete Debian installation of sid (unstable)
in a chroot:
main # debootstrap sid sid-root
http://httpredir.debian.org/debian/
[ ... watch it download the whole system ]
main # echo "proc sid-root/proc proc defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
main # mount proc sid-root/proc -t proc
main # echo "sysfs sid-root/sys sysfs defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
main # mount sysfs sid-root/sys -t sysfs
main # cp /etc/hosts sid-root/etc/hosts
main # chroot sid-root /bin/bash
AUTHOR
debootstrap was written by Anthony Towns <ajt@debian.org>. This manpage was written by Matt Kraai <kraai@debian.org>.
Opportunity
Personal Opportunity - Free software gives you access to billions of dollars of software at no cost. Use this software for your business, personal use or to develop a profitable skill. Access to source code provides access to a level of capabilities/information that companies protect though copyrights. Open source is a core component of the Internet and it is available to you. Leverage the billions of dollars in resources and capabilities to build a career, establish a business or change the world. The potential is endless for those who understand the opportunity.
Business Opportunity - Goldman Sachs, IBM and countless large corporations are leveraging open source to reduce costs, develop products and increase their bottom lines. Learn what these companies know about open source and how open source can give you the advantage.
Free Software
Free Software provides computer programs and capabilities at no cost but more importantly, it provides the freedom to run, edit, contribute to, and share the software. The importance of free software is a matter of access, not price. Software at no cost is a benefit but ownership rights to the software and source code is far more significant.
Free Office Software - The Libre Office suite provides top desktop productivity tools for free. This includes, a word processor, spreadsheet, presentation engine, drawing and flowcharting, database and math applications. Libre Office is available for Linux or Windows.
Free Books
The Free Books Library is a collection of thousands of the most popular public domain books in an online readable format. The collection includes great classical literature and more recent works where the U.S. copyright has expired. These books are yours to read and use without restrictions.
Source Code - Want to change a program or know how it works? Open Source provides the source code for its programs so that anyone can use, modify or learn how to write those programs themselves. Visit the GNU source code repositories to download the source.
Education
Study at Harvard, Stanford or MIT - Open edX provides free online courses from Harvard, MIT, Columbia, UC Berkeley and other top Universities. Hundreds of courses for almost all major subjects and course levels. Open edx also offers some paid courses and selected certifications.
Linux Manual Pages - A man or manual page is a form of software documentation found on Linux/Unix operating systems. Topics covered include computer programs (including library and system calls), formal standards and conventions, and even abstract concepts.
